PS 1
Give 2 reasons protein synthesis is considered to be the most important metabolic pathway.
1. Enzymes are made of proteins
2. Almost every cellular structure is made of or contains proteins.
What is a codon?
A group of three bases that codes for a specific amino acid.
How many codons does the following sequence contain?
AUGUUCAAGCCCGAGGUGAAA
7
What DNA and RNA bases pair with each other?
A pairs with T/U
G pairs with C
How might a DNA mutation result in a disease?
It could cause a protein to be incorrectly translated. This could alter the three dimensional shape and, in the case of an enzyme, may cause it not to work properly.
What amino acid is coded for by the mRNA codon GCU?
Alanine
What is meant by redundancy in the amino acid codons?
There are multiple codons that code for each amino acid.
Name the three types of RNA. (what the letters stand for)
messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA
How many binding sites does a ribosome contain?
3
Describe a point mutation.
This is a mutation where only one or very few bases are replaced by the incorrect base.
What type of mutation is shown here:
TAT GCC CGT TTT AGA
TAT GCC CGG TTT TAG A
Frameshift / Addition
What amino acid sequence is coded for by the following DNA sequence?
GCT CCC GAG CTC CGA ACT
arginine, glycine, leucine, glutamic acid, alanine, STOP
Why is redundancy in the amino acid code potentially a benefit for organisms?
If there is a minor error in translation, it may not affect the amino acid created.
What RNA sequence will be transcribed by this DNA sequence?
TAC AGC CAC TGA GCT CCC GAG
AUG UCG GUG ACU CGA GGG CUC
Describe why the addition of an extra base is called a frameshift mutation.
By adding one base, all the subsequent bases are decoded off by one base.