amino acids
this three-base sequence on tRNA is complementary to an mRNA codon.
anticodon
This is the three-nucleotide sequence that specifies an amino acid or stop signal.
codon
This is the site where an incoming charged tRNA binds.
A site
A ribosome is translating an mRNA. The first amino acid is methionine, and the ribosome has established the correct reading frame. What process has just occurred?
translation initiation
An amino acid is attached to the tRNA at this end
3' end
There are this many codons that specify amino acids.
61
This ribosomal site contains the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain.
p site
A mutation changes one amino acid in a protein. Explain why this could potentially change the protein's function.
the amino acid sequence helps determine 3D shape, which determines function
Wobble pairing occurs between the 5' base of the tRNA anticodon and this position of the mRNA codon
the 3' and third base of the mRNA codon
This codon codes for methionine and typically serves as the start codon
AUG
This region of the ribosome is made entirely of rRNA and catalyzes peptide bond formation.
peptidyl-transferase region
why is the ribosome considered a ribozyme?
Because rRNA, rather than ribosomal protein, catalyzes peptide bond formation.
what carried anticodons to the appropriate mrna codon
tRNA
The genetic code is called "degenerate" because most amino acids are specified by this.
more than one codon
in prokaryotes, this mRNA sequence interacts with rRNA to position the start AUG in the P site.
shine delgarno sequence
A student's mRNA sequence is read from 3' → 5' during translation. What is wrong with this statement?
mRNA is read 5' → 3', and its sequence corresponds to the amino acid sequence from N-terminus → C-terminus
Human cells have only 51 different anticodons but need to recognize 61 codons. What mechanism helps make this possible?
wobble base pairing
A mutation changes the third base of an mRNA codon, but the same amino acid is still added.
degeneracy of the genetic code
In eukaryotes, the small ribosomal subunit binds the 5' cap and moves in this direction through the 5' UTR to locate the start codon.
5'-3'
What is the major difference between how prokaryotes and eukaryotes locate the start codon?
Prokaryotes use the Shine-Dalgarno sequence; eukaryotic ribosomes bind the 5' cap and scan for an AUG within the appropriate sequence context.