Proteins and Nucleic Acids

Protein Structure

100

Protein structure in which multiple polypeptides are folded on one another

What is quaternary structure?

200

Structure that is made up of alpha-helices and beta-pleated sheets

What is secondary structure?

300

Coiled polypeptide that makes up some secondary structures

What is an alpha helix?

400

Structure that has weak interactions between r groups

What is tertiary structure?

500

Structure made up of a single polypeptide chain

What is primary structure?

Protein Vocab

100

This occurs when physical or chemical conditions that destroy the weak chemical bonds and interactions within the protein, causing it to unravel and lose its shape

What is denaturation?

200

Substances that increase the rate reaction but are not consumed in the reaction

What are enzymes?

300

This is the monomer for proteins

What is an amino acid?

400

The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start

What is activation energy?

500

The specific region of an enzyme that binds the substrate

What is an active site?

Nucleic acid Structure

100

A chemical group consisting of a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen groups

What is a phosphate group?

200

A bond in which pairs of valence electrons are shared

What is a covalent bond?

300

Component of nucleotides with five carbons: deoxyribose or ribose

What is a pentose sugar?

400

Component of nucleotides that has one or two rings that include nitrogen atoms

What is a nitrogenous base (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil)?

500

The monomers for nucleic acids

What is a nucleotide?

Nucleic Acid Vocab

100

Releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed

What is ATP?

200

One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring

What is a purine?

300

In nucleic acids, A pairs with T(U) and C pairs with G

What is complementary base pairing?

400

One of two types of nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides, characterized by a six-membered ring

What is a Pyrimidine?

500

A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule

What is hydrogen bonding?

Review

100

A chemical reaction that breaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers

What is hydrolysis?

200

The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

What is electronegativity?

300

A solution that contains a weak acid and its corresponding base; minimizes changes in pH when acids or bases are added to the solution

What is a buffer?

400

An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen

What is a hydrocarbon?

500

One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bond

What is a cis-trans isomer?