World History
What was the name of the two rivers in Ancient Mesopotamia?
Tigris and Euphrates
Who was Martin Luther?
A German monk/professor who criticized the Catholic Church and helped start the Protestant Reformation.
Who was John Calvin?
A Protestant reformer who helped spread Reformation ideas after Martin Luther.
Who was King Henry VIII?
The king of England who broke away from the Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
A religious movement in the 1500s that challenged the Catholic Church and led to the creation of Protestant churches.
What are the names of the three monotheistic religions
Christianity, Islam and Judaism
What document did Martin Luther write to criticize the Catholic Church?
The 95 Theses.
What Protestant idea is John Calvin most famous for teaching?
Predestination
Why did Henry VIII want to separate from the Catholic Church?
He wanted an annulment/divorce because he wanted a male heir, but the pope refused.
What were two problems people had with the Catholic Church before the Reformation?
Possible answers: sale of indulgences, corruption, Church wealth, abuse of power, priests not following Church rules, or people wanting the Bible in their own language.
What does it mean when ideas are shared or blended amongst different regions or areas around the world.
Cultural Diffusion
What were indulgences, and why did Martin Luther disagree with them?
Indulgences were payments people made to reduce punishment for sin. Luther believed forgiveness came from faith in God, not by paying the Church.
What is predestination?
The belief that God had already chosen who would be saved before they were born.
What was the Church of England?
A new Christian church in England created after Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church, with the English monarch as its leader.
How did Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII each challenge the Catholic Church?
How did Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII each challenge the Catholic Church?
What are the names of the two items that were trade in the West African Kingdoms and why were both of these items important?
Gold and Salt
Salt was used to preserve food.
How did the printing press help Martin Luther spread his ideas?
The printing press allowed Luther’s writings to be copied quickly and spread across Europe.
How did John Calvin’s ideas shape life in Geneva, Switzerland?
Geneva became a strict Protestant community where religion influenced laws, behavior, church attendance, and daily life.
How did Henry VIII’s break from the Catholic Church make the English monarchy stronger?
It gave the king control over religion in England and allowed him to take land and wealth from Catholic monasteries.
How did the printing press help spread Reformation ideas across Europe?
It allowed books, pamphlets, and Luther’s ideas to be printed quickly and shared with many people across Europe.
How did the Mongols help trade and cultural exchange across Asia and Europe?
The Mongols made trade routes like the Silk Roads safer, which helped people, goods, ideas, and inventions spread between Asia and Europe.
How did Martin Luther’s actions lead to major changes in Christianity and Europe during the Protestant Reformation?
His actions challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, led to the creation of Protestant churches, caused religious conflict, and changed the balance of power in Europe.
How did John Calvin help Protestantism spread beyond Germany and into other parts of Europe?
Calvin’s teachings attracted followers from across Europe, and visitors to Geneva carried his ideas back to places like France, Scotland, the Netherlands, England, and later North America.
How were Henry VIII’s reasons for breaking from the Catholic Church different from Martin Luther’s and John Calvin’s reasons for reform?
Luther and Calvin challenged Church teachings for religious reasons, while Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church mainly for political and personal reasons, including marriage, power, and control over England.
How did the Protestant Reformation change religion, politics, and society in Europe?
It weakened the power of the Catholic Church, led to new Protestant religions, increased religious conflict, strengthened some monarchs, and encouraged people to question traditional authority.