History of Psychology
What early psychological school of thought involved trying to understand the mind by breaking conscious processes into parts?
Structuralism
A psychologist watches children interact on a playground without intervening. What research method is being used?
Naturalistic Observation
A researcher discovers that signals are traveling unusually slowly down a person's axons. This problem could be caused by damage to the ______ sheath.
myelin
Consequences that serve to increase behavior
Reinforcement
In contrast to psychoanalysis, behaviorism focuses on ________ behavior.
observable
Researchers want to understand migration patterns of monarch butterflies and tag 500 butterflies to track. In this study, all monarch butterflies represent the _______.
population
When an action potential reaches the end of an axon, it triggers the release of ________, which travel across the synapse to the next cell.
Neurotransmitters
After conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus now produces a response. This stimulus is known as the _____?
Conditioned stimulus
Which famous psychological theorist focused on helping people fulfill unmet needs?
Abraham Maslow
Researchers find that as daily exercise increases, resting heart rate tends to decrease. What type of correlation is this?
Negative correlation
What brain lobe involved in decision-making and planning?
Frontal lobe
A basketball coach first praises a beginner for getting the ball near the hoop, then for hitting the rim, and eventually only for making the shot. This illustrates what behavioral technique?
Shaping
What school of psychology, established by William James, explored how thoughts and behaviors help people adapt to their environment?
Functionalism
Researchers expose crickets to different levels of light and count how often they chirp. Chirping is the _______ variable.
Dependent
A neuron has just fired an action potential. Even with very strong stimulation, it cannot immediately fire another one. This neuron is in the _________.
Absolute refractory period
A teen frequently makes jokes in class because their friends laugh. When their friends stop laughing at the jokes, the behavior gradually decreases. What process is occurring?
Extinction
Wilhem Wundt developed a method called _______ in which someone carefully examines their own conscious experience.
introspection
Researchers testing a new allergy medication keep both participants and the researchers assessing their symptoms unaware of who received the medication versus a placebo. What is this design called?
A double blind study
You somehow spill water near the shoe rack of your friend’s apartment. An hour later when you are going to leave and you put on your shoes, you realize your shoe is wet. This immediate signal from your foot to your brain is an example of what kind of signal?
Afferent
A child often hears their parent respond to stressful situations by saying, “I can handle this.” The child eventually begins using the same phrase when facing something difficult. What theory explains this learning?
Social learning theory