Key People
developed the first comprehensive theory of personality
Who was Sigmund Freud?
Type of assessment like the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) or Rorschach Test in which people are presented with ambiguous images
What are projective tests?
Unconscious, repressed thoughts, early childhood, conflict are all terms associated with this approach
What is psychodynamic theory?
our level of confidence in our own abilities
What is self-efficacy?
T/F Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their id might be narcissistic and impulsive
What is True?
believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns, because we have developed certain response tendencies
Who was B.F. Skinner?
Personality inventories typically gather information through these means
What are self-report (survey) measures?
Approach that attempts to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving
What is Trait theory?
refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next
What is the collective unconscious?
T/F Trait based theories presume that personality is mutable
What is False? (mutable means changeable)
Main proponent of social learning theory of personality
Who is Albert Bandura?
Test that employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person’s unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
What is the Rorschach Inkblot Test?
Approach that advocates that Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism
What is Behavioral?
pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies, universal symbolic representations of particular types of people, objects, ideas or experiences
What are archetypes?
Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having these two specific personality dimensions
What is extroversion/introversion and neuroticism/stability
suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth
Who was Karen Horney?
Assessments that measure the traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are based on this trait theory
What is the "Big Five" personality theory?
Includes Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which holds that biological and physiological needs must be met before personal and social needs
What is humanism?
Proposed by Adler to refer to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn’t measure up to the standards of others or of society
What is an inferiority complex?
According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is this
What is self-actualization?
This theorist’s views of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Who was Carl Jung?
composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual’s clinical profile
What is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Approach that focuses on the heritability and possible genetic sources for temperament and other facets of personality
What is biological/evolutionary?
describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics
What is heritability?
Id is to ego as pleasure principle is to this
What is the reality principle?