Introduction & Definitions
What is stigma?
The destructive beliefs and attitudes held by a society that are ascribed to groups considered different in some manner, such as people with psychological disorders.
What was the treatment of the mentally ill in asylums like?
It was inhumane (e.g. they were chained), and they were often treated as forms of entertainment that people paid to see in asylums.
Symptoms include being fidgety, restless, blurting out loud, and interrupting
ADHD - hyperactive-impulsive type
Identify at least 2/4 possible causes for Intellectual Disability
Genetic abnormalities, recessive-gene diseases, infectious diseases or environmental hazards
Identify one possible treatment/support option for ADHD
Medication, parent training, executive functioning skill training, accomodations in the classroom
What are three characteristics that need to be present for a comprehensive definition of psychological disorder?
Presence of 1) personal distress, 2) disability, and 3) dysfunction
What were the lunacy trials?
Trials held to determine sanity (began in 13th-century England)
Symptoms include aggressive behavior, destroying property, lying or stealing, and breaking rules
Conduct disorder
Identify at least one possible cause for Autism
Genetic or neurobiological factors
Identify one possible treatment/support option for Intellectual Disability
Residential treatment, computer-assisted instruction, behavioral treatment (i.e that teaches basic self-care skills, ABA), special education
What are four characteristics of stigma?
1) A distinguishing label is applied, 2) the label refers to undesirable attributes, 3) people with the label are seen as different, and 4) people with the label are discriminated against
What is the DSM used for, and what year was the latest edition published?
It is used to provide a diagnosis, and the latest edition was published in 2022.
Symptoms include being disorganized, making careless mistakes, being forgetful, daydreaming, and not following instructions.
ADHD - inattentive type
Identify at least 2/4 possible causes for Conduct Disorder
Genetic influences, neurobiological influences, psychological influences, and peer influences
Identify one possible treatment/support option for Specific Learning Disorder
Personalized educational interventions, tutoring, related therapies (SLP, OT, etc).
What is a paradigm and an example of one?
A paradigm is a set of basic assumptions that defines how to conceptualize and study a subject, how to gather and interpret relevant data, even how to think about a particular subject; an example is a genetic paradigm
What were the four bodily fluids associated with mental disorders during the time of Hippocrates?
1) blood, 2) black bile, 3) yellow bile, and 4) phlegm
Difficulties in domains including 1) social + emotional behavior, 2) communication, and 3) repetitive and ritualistic behaviors
Autism spectrum disorder
Identify at least 2/5 possible causes for ADHD
Genetic influences, brain + environmental influences, perinatal and prenatal factors, environmental toxins, & family factors
Identify one possible treatment/support option for Autism
ABA, social skills group, parent/family training, developmental socio-pragmatic interventions
Who was Roopa? What were the most important pieces of Roopa's story?
Roopa is a woman we read about who was diagnosed with BPD. A few important pieces: 1) it took a while for her to receive a diagnosis and 2) there was stigma in her cultural community that impacted her receiving this diagnosis.
List three criticisms of the DSM
Significant problems in 1) intellectual functioning, 2) adaptive behavior across contexts, and these must occur before age 18
Intellectual disability
Identify one way to assess a Specific Learning Disorder
Through performance-based measures, neuropsychological testing, standardized test scores
Identify one possible treatment/support option for Conduct Disorder
Family therapy, multisystemic therapy, medication, social skills program