1
______is a subjective awareness and understanding of both the environment around us and our private internal world.
Perception
Intelligence
Speculation
Consciousness
Consciousness
Most people today sleep between________ hours each night.
2 and 3
10 and 11
4 and 5
7 and 8
7 and 8
Biological processes occurring on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are termed as
biorhythms.
diurnal rhythms.
circadian rhythms.
primal rhythms.
circadian rhythms.
Night terrors usually occur more frequently in children between ages of 3 and 8 during______ sleep.
stage 3
REM
stage 2
stage 1
stage 3
People who have______ go directly from wakefulness to REM sleep, skipping the other stages.
bruxism
night terror
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
How long is a typical sleep cycle, in which a sleeper progresses through some or all of the sleep stages?
1 hour
90 minutes
120 minutes
5 hours
90 minutes
REM sleep is usually accompanied by______, which are experienced by everyone during some part of their night’s sleep.
tremors
periods of paralysis
snoring
dreams
dreams
During________, images sometimes appear, as if we were viewing still photos.
stage 1 sleep
stage 2 sleep
stage 3 sleep
stage 4 sleep
stage 1 sleep
______are often associated with negative experiences during the day, including worry and anxiety.
Lucid dreams
Nightmares
Precognitive dreams
Breakdown dreams
Nightmares
Bella is worried about her upcoming exams. Although she has been studying diligently for the past two months, she keeps having a dream in which her mind goes blank as soon as she starts writing her exam paper. Sometimes, in her dreams, she forgets the way to the examination hall. In the given scenario, Bella's dreams illustrate the
activation-synthesis theory.
psychoanalytic theory of dreams.
dreams-for-survival theory.
unconscious wish fulfillment theory.
dreams-for-survival theory.
________is the state of transition between wakefulness and sleep, characterized by relatively rapid, low-amplitude brain waves.
Stage 1 sleep
Stage 2 sleep
Stage 3 sleep
Stage 4 sleep
Stage 1 sleep
Which of the following statements is TRUE of REM sleep?
It is the only sleep stage in which dreaming occurs.
The major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed during this stage.
It is in this stage that dreams are least vivid.
Dreams that occur in this stage can rarely be remembered.
The major muscles of the body appear to be paralyzed during this stage.
________is the deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation.
Stage 1 sleep
Stage 2 sleep
Stage 3 sleep
Stage 4 sleep
Stage 3 sleep
According to Freud, the________ content of dreams is the disguised meanings of dreams, hidden by more obvious subjects.
evident
manifest
latent
apparent
latent
Which sleep disturbance is correctly matched with its description?
sleep apnea—difficulty breathing during sleep
narcolepsy—sudden awakenings accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal
night terrors—sudden sleep during waking consciousness
insomnia—temporary paralysis of the body before or after sleep
sleep apnea—difficulty breathing during sleep
Compared with the brain waves observed in stage 2 sleep, the brain waves in stage 3 sleep
are more rapid.
have higher peaks.
are interrupted by sleep spindles more frequently.
have lower amplitude.
have higher peaks.
During REM sleep, heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing______, while major muscle activity appears to stop.
increases
slows to almost nothing
slows slightly
remains the same as waking
increases
Sleep deprivation research found which of the following to be accurate?
Sleep-deprived people show a decline in logical reasoning ability.
Sleep-deprived people are more alert than people who do not take part in such experiments.
Sleep-deprived people’s creativity levels remain unchanged.
Most people suffer permanent consequences of temporary sleep deprivation experiment.
Sleep-deprived people show a decline in logical reasoning ability.
The________ focuses on the random electrical energy that the brain produces during REM sleep, possibly as a result of changes in the production of particular neurotransmitters.
unconscious wish fulfillment theory
expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
dreams-for-survival theory
activation-synthesis theory
activation-synthesis theory
________is/are sudden awakenings from non-REM sleep that are accompanied by extreme fear, panic, and strong physiological arousal.
Bruxism
Narcolepsy
Night terrors
Sleep apnea
Night terrors
During______, sleep brain waves become slower, with higher peaks and lower valleys in the wave pattern.
stage 4
stage 3
stage 2
stage 1
stage 3
Anya pulled all-nighters both last night and the night before. Tonight, finally, she anticipates going to bed at her usual time. Which of the following alternatives most accurately describes and identifies what Anya is likely to experience?
Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This phenomenon is called restoration.
Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This phenomenon is called rebound.
Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the NREM stages. This phenomenon is called restoration.
Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the NREM stages. This phenomenon is called rebound.
Anya will spend a greater proportion of her sleep time than usual in the REM stage. This phenomenon is called rebound.
Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams represent unconscious desires that dreamers want to see fulfilled is known as
unconscious wish fulfillment theory.
expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming.
dreams-for-survival theory.
activation-synthesis theory.
unconscious wish fulfillment theory.
The dreams-for-survival theory
suggests that dreams represent key concerns growing out of our daily experiences.
concentrates on the notion that dreams represent unconscious wishes.
focuses on the random electrical energy that the brain produces during REM sleep.
suggests that areas of the cortex that are involved in particular waking behaviors are related to the content of dreams.
suggests that dreams represent key concerns growing out of our daily experiences.
Which dream theory aligns with evolutionary theory and proposes that dreaming allows us to process information critical to our daily survival?
unconscious wish fulfillment theory
expectation fulfillment theory of dreaming
dreams-for-survival theory
activation-synthesis theory
dreams-for-survival theory