History
The formal beginning of psychology is associated with
1) Wundt.
2) James.
3) Descartes.
4) Ebbinghaus.
1) Wundt.
The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on
1) free will.
2) environmental determinism.
3) natural selection.
4) unconscious motives.
1) free will.
What is the number of major perspectives in the field of psychology?
1) two
2) about five
3) a dozen or so
4) as many as there are psychologists
2) about five
Which of the following is the focus of behavioral neuroscience?
1) examining the biological basis of behavior
2) exploring the inheritance of traits related to behavior
3) studying the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
4) investigating higher mental processes
1) examining the biological basis of behavior
Which of the following statements accurately describes the diverse subfields of psychology?
1) They allow psychologists to explain different types of behavior using the same techniques and experiments.
2) Though they are individually separate and distinct, they all share a common goal of understanding behavior.
3) They always lead to an MD (doctor of medicine) degree.
4) They are not related at all other than being considered a part of psychology.
2) Though they are individually separate and distinct, they all share a common goal of understanding behavior.
Which of the following movements was led by the psychologist William James?
1) functionalism
2) social psychology
3) structuralism
4) Gestalt psychology
1) functionalism
Which of the following is an argument presented by psychologists adhering to the behavioral perspective of psychology?
1) They contend that the only legitimate source of information for psychologists is behavior that can be observed directly.
2) They contend that psychological disorders are brought about by unconscious behaviors.
3) They contend that behavioral disorders are largely the result of faulty thinking processes.
4) They contend that human behavior is influenced by genetics.
1) They contend that the only legitimate source of information for psychologists is behavior that can be observed directly.
A treatment program for individuals recovering from drug addiction emphasizes the influence of the environment—"people, places, and things"—on drug use. This program reflects the________ perspective in psychology.
1) psychodynamic
2) behavioral
3) cognitive
4) neuroscience
2) behavioral
Which of the following branches of psychology focuses on legal issues, such as the accuracy of witness memories?
1) forensic psychology
2) program evaluation
3) personality psychology
4) clinical neuropsychology
1) forensic psychology
Which of the following is the focus of experimental psychology?
1) exploring the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease
2) investigating the relationship between people and their physical environment
3) studying the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world
4) analyzing how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death
3) studying the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world
According to________, the human perception, or understanding, of objects is greater and more meaningful than the individual elements that make up these perceptions.
1) structuralism
2) forensic psychology
3) functionalism
4) Gestalt psychology
4) Gestalt psychology
________psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language.
1) Developmental
2) Personality
3) Clinical
4) Cognitive
4) Cognitive
Dr. Petrovic tries to help his clients see how their behavior reflects choices they have made. Dr. Petrovic is most likely a________ therapist.
1) psychodynamic
2) clinical neuroscience
3) humanistic
4) Gestalt
3) humanistic
An industrial/organizational psychologist is likely to be involved in which of the following?
1) evaluating a health program to determine if it met its goals
2) supporting individuals with career adjustment problems
3) exploring workplace dynamics between managers and employees
4) analyzing higher order mental processes
3) exploring workplace dynamics between managers and employees
Identify a true statement about health psychology.
1) Health psychologists seeks to understand how humans might inherit certain healthy traits and how the environment influences whether they display such traits.
2) Health psychologists are interested in identifying ways to promote behavior that brings about good health.
3) Health psychology concentrates on such diverse topics as human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity.
4) Health psychology stems from Charles Darwin's arguments in his groundbreaking 1859 book, On the Origin of Species.
2) Health psychologists are interested in identifying ways to promote behavior that brings about good health.
Which of the following was a disadvantage of introspection?
1) Introspection was a complicated process.
2) Introspection was time-consuming.
3) Introspection was too simplistic.
4) Introspection was not truly scientific.
4) Introspection was not truly scientific.
The neuroscience perspective
1) suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior.
2) focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world.
3) considers how people and nonhumans function biologically.
4) argues that behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control.
3) considers how people and nonhumans function biologically.
Which of the following is an argument that proponents of the psychodynamic perspective are likely to present?
1) Human thinking is similar to the workings of a computer, which takes in information and transforms, stores, and retrieves it.
2) Every behavior ultimately can be broken down into its biological components.
3) Behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which an individual has little awareness or control.
4) The focus of a psychological study should be on external behavior that can be observed and measured objectively.
3) Behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which an individual has little awareness or control.
Psychiatrists are distinct from psychologists because they have a________ degree and specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders that often involve________.
1) PhD; clinical research trials
2) PsyD; counselling techniques
3) MD; the prescription of drugs
4) BA; behavioral genetics
3) MD; the prescription of drugs
Which of the following branches of psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another?
1) clinical psychology
2) personality psychology
3) cognitive psychology
4) evolutionary psychology
2) personality psychology
Lassandra takes a sip of cola and reports "Sweet...cold, wet, tingly...slightly bitter." Lassandra is
1) introspecting.
2) demonstrating functionalism.
3) defining umami.
4) taking an intelligence test.
1) introspecting.
Driving to work one day, Owen suspects that drivers talking on their cell phones pay less attention to the road than do other drivers. This hypothesis would most likely be tested by a________ psychologist.
1) behavioral
2) humanistic
3) cognitive
4) psychodynamic
3) cognitive
Dr. Reynolds believes that depression reflects aspects of a patient's early relationship with their parents of which they may be completely unaware. Dr. Smith, by contrast, argues that depression stems from a patient's negative self-talk. The two psychologists appear to disagree on the________ issue.
1) nature vs. nurture
2) conscious vs. unconscious causes
3) free will vs. determinism
4) structuralism vs. functionalism
2) conscious vs. unconscious causes
A psychologist studies how college students’ motivation is related to academic performance. Their research is associated with the________ subspeciality.
1) cognitive psychology
2) educational psychology
3) experimental psychology
4) school psychology
4) school psychology
Hugo is a college student. He is unable to cope with the workload and he does not get along with his classmates. He goes to his teacher for advice. Hugo's teacher is likely to refer him to a
1) health psychologist.
2) counseling psychologist.
3) personality psychologist.
4) clinical psychologist.
2) counseling psychologist.