mod 1
What are the 3 parts of a scientific attitude?
What are the 5 parts of critical thinking?
1. curiosity 2. skepticism 3. humility
1. examine assumptions 2. appraise source. 3. discern hidden baises 4. evaluate evidence 5. assess conclusion
Who is psychology's "father"? what did he do that changed psychology, where, and what concept arose?
who did this guy influence to start a lab in john hopkins uni?
Wilhem Wundt; he brought psychology out from pure thought and into a lab for the first time; German lab in Leipzig; introspection arose as he had people think about when they hear a sound and then press a button; introspection is a system of observation of your own immediate consciousness/thinking/feelings
Wundt influenced G. Stanley Hall
in the 1960s, the ____ revolution led psych back to early interest in the mind
cognition=
cognitive psych=
cognitive neuroscience=
** psych is the science of behavior +mental processes
_cognitive_
cogniton= thinking/ how our mind processes & retains info
cog. psych= looking @ how our thought patterns influence behavior; how we perceive, process, & remember info and how that interacts w disorders
cog neurosci= study of mind+brain
Biopsychosocial Approach combines what three views for what purpose.
This approach incorporates biological influences (genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, etc), psych influences (learned fears+expectations, emotional responses, etc), and social-cultural influences (presence of others, other ppl's expectations, etc) to view behavior or mental processes; the purpose of having a broad approach is to have a more complete perspective on behaviors and mental processes.
basic vs applied research
how is psychiatry unique?
basic: increases Psych's knowledge base
applied: uses Psych to solve practical problems
Psychiatry is a branch of medicine, similar to clinical psychology, though.
Psychology's roots are very old, in philosophy and physiology, and was pondered in China, Greece, India, and in more places. True or False?
True
Structuralism v Functionalism
1. founder of each
2. main idea/goal
3. what influenced its creation
4. result
Structuralism 1.Edward Titchener 2. use introspection to find out mind's sturcture/makeup 3. Wilhem Wundt's introspection/lab 4. faded out cause introspection isnt the most reliable
Functionalism 1. William James 2.explore how mental+behavioral processes function, how do they allow us to survive and thrive? 3. Charles Darwin's idea of animals having adaptations to survive and thrive 4. led to investigations, testing, etc etc
what is THE longstanding controversy in psych? what is the modern, generally accepted vew now?
nature v nurture; debate on how much gene contribute to who you are vs experiences
now, youll commonly hear "nurture works on what nature provides"
Behavioral Perspective is what?
Biological Perspective is what?
-how learned and observed behaviors impact behavior and mental processes
-how biological (gene, neural, hormone) and physiological processes impact behavior and mental processes
Dr. Winkle completed his dissertation for his Ph.D on the systematic changes in intelligence associated with aging, and he is now a consultant for a retirement home. It is most likely that Dr. Winkle is a(n) ________ psychologist.
industrial-organizational• social• biological• personality• developmental
developmental
What two key things did Socrates and Plato believe?
How did Aristotle differ?
1. body and mind are seperate 2. knowledge is innate (nature)
-Aristotle believed knowledge comes from experience/ memories (nurture)
Psychology's firsts: say the key things associated w the person
1. Mary Whiton Calkins
2. Margaret Floy Washburn
2. Inez Beverly Prosser
4. Francis Cecil Sumner
1. studied under william james, should've gotten 1st psych degree as female, but denied bc of gender, first female APA prez
2. got 1st psych phd as female, 2nd female APA prez
3. 1st african american female to get psych phd
4. 1st african american male to get psych pdh
Whats the difference between evolutionary psych and behavior genetics?
evo psych= how natural selection caused adaptations that we all have in common-> All humans ALIKE because of our common biology & Evo history
behavior genetics=**how do we individually DIFFER bc of different genotypes (biooo 😛) and diff environments**. genes + environments work together to influence behaviors,what specific genes might be responsible for various types of behaviors and what is their mechanism of action?
Cognitive Perspective, what is it?
how interpretations of situations and mental processes (thoughts, memories, problem-solving) impact behavior and mental processes
Dr. Caleigh collected data on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
• cognitive • clinical• human factors• social• industrial-organizational
• cognitive
Which philosopher suggested that nerve pathways allow for reflexes, studied nerve pathways, brain fluid, and 'animal spirits', and believed some knowledge is innate (yes to socrates+plato)
René Descartes
Give the basics of: 1. Humanistic Psych 2. Freudian Psych 3. Behaviorism, and put in correct chronological order
2. Freudian Psych: Sigmund Freud; unconscious shapes behavior; childhood experiences heavily influence behavior; freudian slips
3. Behaviorism: John Watson; psych should only focus on observable behavior; belief that people are conditioned to behave the way they do; very much on the nurture side of things; BF Skinner also part of this and stated people's behaviors are either to avoid punishment or to get a reward
1. Humanistic Psych; reject behaviorism; A very optimistic perspective focusing on the human growth potential; Carl Rogers & Abraham Maslow
Why is it important to study people of different cultures?
different cultures have different values, traditions, habits, expectations, etc. we still have shared biology to unite us, but it is important to examine what differences culture causes-- allows for a more inclusive understanding of psych c: !
Evolutionary Perspective, what is it?
Humanistic Perspective, what is it?
-how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
-how the drive for personal growth and self-actualization impact behavior and mental processes
Dr. Veenstra completed a long-term study on the impact of racial prejudice on behavior. Dr. Veenstra is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
• developmental• clinical• social • biological• industrial-organizational
• social
John Locke believed people had a tabula rasa, or ____ ___ at birth, so experiences shaped a person and their knowledge. This led to the concept of what?
What did Sir Francis Bacon believe?
_blank_ _slate_
Empiricism: knowledge comes from experiences and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge
-The human mind finds patterns; it classifies and sorts
With which of the following statements would John B Watson most likely agree?
a. Psych should study the growth potential in all people
b. Psych should study the unconscious mind
c. Psych should study observable behavior
c.
describe gender psych
describe positive psych
gender differences do result in some differences in things such as dreaming, expressing & detecting emotion, etc; HOWEVER differences dont outweigh similarities
postivie psych is the study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering & promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive **martin seligman
Psychodynamic Perspective, what is it?
Social-Cultural Perspective, what is it?
-How unconscious drives and conflicts impact behavior and mental processes
-How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures
After completing research on how individual differences affect learning, Mr. Kay is planning to help teachers develop lesson that incorporate differentiated activities for different learning styles. Mr. Kay is most likely a(n) ________ psychologist.
• human factors• developmental• educational • social• clinical
• educational