Topic 3.1
An example of Pharmacotherapy is ____________
Medication
What does GAD stand for?
Generalised anxiety disorder
What name is singer-actor Stefani Germanotta better known by?
Lady Gaga
A state of deep absorption in an activity, often involving focused attention and a balance between challenge and skill is called_______
The Flow experience
What is mindfulness?
Paying attention to present-moment experiences
What is a specific phobia?
An intense, persistent fear of a particular object or situation that causes significant distress or impairment
Negative attitudes, stereotypes or discrimination directed towards people with psychological disorders is ________
Stigma
What occasion corresponds with the longest day of the year?
The summer solstice
Two component of mindfulness are ____________ and ___________
200 - Two component of mindfulness are ____________ and ___________
Attention is the amount of focus that we are able to provide to a certain internal or external stimulus. People who live mindfully are able to focus their attention on the present moment and current events rather than having their mind wander to previous or future events.
Acceptance is the practice of approaching any experience and themselves with openness and curiosity and without judgement or criticism.
Emotions arise from how a person evaluates a situation in relation to their goals, wellbeing and ability to cope. This is what theory?
Appraisal theory
A person experiences anxiety after several weeks of poor sleep and increased substance use. Which biopsychosocial component includes these risk factors?
Biological
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
A type of psychosurgery medical treatment that uses a controlled electrical stimulus to induce a brief seizure under general anaesthesia
In human anatomy, what does the “hallux” refer to?
The big toe
Which brain structure is strongly associated with processing fear and other emotional stimuli?
Amygdala
What are the 3 theories of motivation?
A student has a family history of anxiety, experiences high stress and has limited social support. Use the biopsychosocial approach to classify these three risk factors.
Family history: biological.
High stress: psychological.
Limited social support: social.
A clinical trial finds that 60% of patients taking a new medication improve, compared with 49% taking a placebo. They found the p-value between these groups of (>0.05). What does this suggest?
There is no statistically significant difference between active medication vs placebo
According to Guinness World Records, what's the best-selling book of all time?
The Bible
Schachter and Singer (1962) theorised that people experience physiological arousal and that their emotional response was based on their interpretation of the situation ‘Assigning of a cognitive label” to the situation.
What theory is this?
Two factor theory of emotion
400 – A person's belief in their ability to perform the actions needed to achieve a particular outcome is called____________
Self-efficacy
Explain the difference between social stigma and self-stigma in relation to mental illness.
Social stigma occurs when other people hold negative stereotypes or attitudes towards people experiencing mental illness.
Self-stigma occurs when an individual internalises these negative stereotypes and applies them to themselves, potentially leading to feelings of shame, worthlessness or reluctance to seek help.
Alex is a 16-year-old student who has been experiencing high levels of stress due to upcoming exams and conflict with friends. Alex often stays awake late at night worrying about school, gets very little sleep, and repeatedly thinks about past mistakes. Alex has also started avoiding friends and no longer participates in activities they enjoyed. Using the biopsychosocial approach, identify 1 risk factor and suggest one strategy to reduce each risk factor to lower the likelihood of developing a mental illness in the future.
- Psychological risk factor – rumination: Alex repeatedly thinks about past mistakes. Strategy: Practise mindfulness or cognitive behavioural strategies to challenge unhelpful thought patterns and focus on problem-solving.
- Biological risk factor – insufficient sleep: Alex stays awake late worrying and gets very little sleep. Strategy: Establish a consistent sleep routine, reduce screen use before bed and use relaxation strategies to improve sleep.
- Social risk factor – relationship conflict and social withdrawal: Alex is experiencing conflict with friends and avoiding social activities. Strategy: Seek support from a trusted friend, family member, school counsellor or teacher, and gradually reconnect with supportive social activities.
Relative to the internet, what does “URL” stand for?
Uniform resource locator
A student sets a clear achievable goal on how they are studying on their exams which will help increase motivation. What describe what theory this is?
Achievement goal theory - Suggests people will be more motivated when they have clear goals that they believe they are capable of achieving
Two students receive the same test result. One feels relieved because they expected to fail, while the other feels disappointed because they expected a higher mark. Which theory best explains their different emotions?
Appraisal theory, because the students evaluate the same event differently according to their expectations and goals.