IAD
What is Illness Anxiety Disorder?
It is a psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness.
What disorder is characterized by both psychotic symptoms and major mood episodes?
Schizoaffective disorder
What does ASD stand for, and what are its main characteristics?
ASD stands for Autism Spectrum Disorder.
It is characterized by persistent difficulties in social interaction and communication, along with restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior, activities, or interests.
What is the difference between Bipolar 1 and Bipolar 2 Disorder?
- Bipolar 1: Mania & MDD
- Bipolar 2: Hypomania & MDD
What is one common symptom of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
Excessive and persistent worry
What was Illness Anxiety Disorder previously known as?
Hypochondriasis
What are the two main types of schizoaffective disorder?
Bipolar type and depressive type
What is clozapine, and what is it used for in the cases of ASD patients with a history of aggression?
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic that blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors. In this case, it may be used for severe aggression or behavioral symptoms.
What neurotransmitters are affected during mania?
Norepinephrine, Dopamine, Glutamate
Why are benzodiazepines generally used only for short-term treatment of GAD?
They provide rapid anxiety relief but may cause tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms with prolonged use.
What are the usual physical symptoms seen in a patient with IAD?
Somatic symptoms are generally absent or mild. Minor bodily sensations may be interpreted as signs of a serious illness.
What two medication classes may be used to address both the psychotic and mood symptoms?
Antipsychotics and Mood stabilizer
What specific disorders were previously included under the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) category according to the report?
- Autistic Disorder
- Rett’s Disorder
- Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- Asperger’s Disorder
- Pervasive Developmental Disorder
What are the stages of mania in correct order?
Stage 1: Hypomania
Stage 2: Acute Mania
Stage 3: Delirious/ Psychotic Mania
What is the exact cause of schizoaffective disorder?
The exact cause is UNKNOWN.
What is one important nursing approach when a patient repeatedly expresses fear of having a serious illness?
Validate the patient's feelings without validating the illness belief. Nurses should also avoid excessive reassurance.
What neurotransmitter is most strongly associated with the development of psychotic symptoms in Schizophrenia -spectrum disorder?
Dopamine
What are the important nursing considerations when administering haloperidol, particularly regarding its adverse effects?
Monitor the patient’s mental status, sedation, and with particular attention to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as tremors, rigidity, and restlessness.
Enumerate THREE common symptoms of a manic episode
- Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
- Decrease need for sleep
- Pressured speech
- Flight of ideas
- Distractability
- Increased goal-directed activity
According to the diagnostic criteria for schizoaffective disorder, hallucinations or delusions MUST BE PRESENT without a major mood episode for at least how long?
At least 2 weeks
How does Exposure Response Prevention (ERP) help a patient with Illness Anxiety Disorder?
The patient is gradually exposed to triggers of health anxiety while being encouraged to avoid their usual checking or reassurance-seeking behaviors.
Why can't a patient be diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder based solely on having schizophrenia symptoms and depression or mania at the same time?
There must also be a period of at least 2 weeks of psychosis without a major mood episode.
What are four possible extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) that may occur as a reaction to haloperidol?
- Pseudoparkinsonism
- Tardive Dyskinesia
- Akathisa
- Dystonia
What are the standard medications (psychopharmacology) used to treat BIPOLAR DEPRESSION?
- Olanzapine
- Fluoxetine and Lurasidone
A patient experiences auditory hallucinations for 3 weeks while having no significant manic or depressive symptoms. Later, the patient develops a manic episode with grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, and pressured speech. What diagnosis is most consistent with this presentation?
Schizoaffective disorder, Bipolar type
Why? The key clue is that the patient experienced psychosis for more than 2 weeks in the absence of a major mood episode, followed by a manic episode. This pattern supports schizoaffective disorder rather than bipolar disorder with psychotic features.