Neurons
Neurons
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
100
A specialized cell that conducts impulses through the nervous system and contains three major parts, a cell body, dendrites and an axon.
What is a neuron?
100
Tiny fluid filled gaps separating the axon terminals from the receiving neurons.
What are synaptic clefts?
100
The process by which neurotransmitter molecules are taken from the synaptic cleft back into the axon terminal for later use, thus terminating their excitatory or inhibitory effect on the receiving neuron.
What is reuptake?
100
A chemical that is released into the synaptic cleft from the axon terminal of the sending neuron, crosses the synapse and binds to appropriate acceptors on the dendrites or cell body of the receiving neuron, influencing the cell to fire or not to fire.
What is a neurotransmitter?
100
Neurotransmitter that plays a role in learning, memory, REM sleep and causes the skeletal muscle fibers to contract.
What is acetylcholine?
200
THe part of the neuron that contains the nucleus and carries out the metabolic functions of the neuron.
What is a cell body?
200
THe junction where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with a receiving neuron across the synaptic cleft.
What is a synapse?
200
Sites on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters.
What are receptors?
200
A class of neurotransmitters that includes domamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine and serotonin.
What are the monamines?
200
Neurotransmitter that plays a role in learning, attention and movement.
What is dopamine?
300
THese are the branch like extensions of a neuron than receive signals from other neurons.
What are dendrites?
300
The membrane potential of a neuron at rest, about 70 millivolts.
What is the resting potential?
300
An excitatory actions cause this.
What is influence neurons to fire.
300
Neurotransmitter that affects the metabolism of glucose and causes nutrient energy (glucose) stored in muscles to be released during strenuous exercise.
What is epinephrine?
300
Neurotransmitter that effects eating and sleeping.
What is norepinephrine?
400
The slender tail-like extension of the neuron that transmits signals to the dendrites or cell bodies of other neurons, or to muscles or glands.
What is an axon?
400
The sudden reversal of the resting potential, which initiates the firing of a neuron.
What is action potential?
400
This allows impulses to travel up to 100 times faster along axons.
What is myelin sheath?
400
The primary excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the brain; active in higher brain centers that are involved with learning, thought and emotions.
What is glutamate?
400
Neurotransmitter that regulates mood, sleep, aggression and appetite; its deficiency has been linked to suicide and impulsive violence.
What is serotonin?
500
Cells that help to make the brain more efficient by holding neurons together, removing waste products (dead neurons), making myelin coating for the axons and performing other manufacturing, nourishing and clean-up tasks.
What are glial cells?
500
The white, fatty coating wrapped around some axons that acts as insulation and enables impulses to travel much faster.
What is myelin sheath?
500
An inhibitory actions cause this.
What is influence neurons not to fire?
500
The main inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter in the brain and is widely distributed throughout the brain and spinal cord; it facilitates the control of anxiety in humans.
What is GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid)?
500
Chemicals produced naturally by the brain that reduce pain and affect mood positively.
What are endorphins?
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