Modules 12-13
What is the study of progressive changes in behavior and abilities throughout every stage of life?
Developmental Psychology
In which stage of Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development are children more self-reflective and less egocentric?
Formal operational stage
Which type of long-term memory stores basic conditioned responses and learned actions, such as typing on a keyboard?
Procedural
What is the name of a vivid image frozen in time that is emotionally significant of personal or public events
Flashbulb Memories
The central nervous system consists of:
The brain and spinal cord
What three factors ultimately shape a person's development at any age?
1. Nature / Heredity
2. Nurture / Environment
3. Personal Behaviors
What are Elizabeth Kubler Ross’s Basic Emotional Reactions to Impending Death?
- Denial
- Anxiety
- Depression
- Acceptance
What three criteria must be present for information to be remembered?
1. Encoded
2. Stored
3. Retrieved
Repression
What is neuroplasticity?
Our brains change in response to experiences - all new experiences are reflected in changes to the brain. Neurogenesis is the regrowth of neurons that replace cells the brain loses daily.
What are some environmental factors that may shape an infant's development?
- Lack of appropriate nutrition, stimulation, comfort, and love
- Caregiver's stress or drug or alcohol use
- Genetic disorders
What are some tips for staying mentally sharp, according the Warren Shaie?
- Remain healthy
- Live in a favorable environment
- Have a flexible personality
- Involve yourself in stimulating activities
- Marry an intelligent person
- Satisfied by accomplishments
After meeting a new classmate, Justin silently repeated their name to himself several times to prolong his short-term memory. What process did Justin use?
Maintenance Rehearsal
Last week, Jade learned a new dance combination in her ballet class. This week she learned another new combination but cannot remember the combination she learned last week. What type of interference did Jade experience?
Retroactive Interference
After being frightened during a Halloween movie, you notice your heart rate begins to slow down and you no longer feel scared. Which branch of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for this, Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?
Parasympathetic Branch
A baby receives inconsistent care from their parents. Sometimes their mother is extremely loving and attentive and other times their mother ignores them. Why type of attachment style would this likely produce?
Ambivalent Attachment
Samantha had her friend Shelby over to her house and they decided to play "wedding." The next day, Shelby's mom called Samantha's mom and said she does not allow Shelby to play "make believe" because it is frivolous and not teaching her real world skills. Which stage of psychosocial development are Samantha and Shelby in?
- Stage 1 Trust vs. Mistrust
- Stage 2 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Stage 3 Initiative vs. Guilt
- Stage 4 Industry vs. Inferiority
Maggie's roommate asked her about the introduction to sociology midterm last year. Maggie could not fully remember the content of the exam, but she remembers the final exam included questions from the review page in the textbook, so she encouraged her roommate to study those questions for the midterm? What element of long-term memory did Maggie demonstrate?
False Memories
Roger started playing golf at the age of 5. In middle school, he decided to try out for the baseball team. When he was up to bat, he swung the bat downward, like he was swinging a golf club. What type of transfer of training was this?
Negative Transfer
The larger size and increased wrinkling in the human cortex separates human intelligence from animals. What is this called?
Corticalization
Jack's parents have clear house rules. If he and his siblings follow the rules, they are rewarded and praised, and if they break the rules, his parents implement appropriate consequences that provide "learning moments." What type of parents does Jack have?
Authoritative
After graduating high school, Emma decided she wanted to serve her country and enlisted in the Army, despite her parents' disapproval. Which one of Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development did Emma use to make her decision?
Postconventional Moral Reasoning
Neil is in graduate school and required to take statistics. He took the class during undergrad but forgot a lot of the information since then. Neil found that he learned the content quicker and easier this time around. What method of measuring memory did Neil demonstrate?
Relearning Information
Monica took her chemistry exam in the back row because she arrived late. She usually sits in the front. During the exam, she found it difficult to find the information she needed for some of the questions. What type of memory failure did she have?
Retrieval Failure
What are some potential causes for handedness?
- Inherited (more common in males)
- Social Pressure
- Birth Trauma
- Learning
*Forcing individuals to change can cause problems with speech or reading