Unit 3: Conditioning & Learning
Ivan Pavlov
What are the 3 main stages of memory?
Sensory, Short-term, Long-term
There are many different types of motivation, but they can all be described as either internal or external in origin. What is the term for INTERNAL motivation?
Intrinsic
A behavioral psychologist would be more likely to argue that personality traits are:
A. Learned
B. Genetic
A. Learned
What are the 4 D's used in diagnosing psychological disorders?
Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Dangerousness
What is it called when you condition a VOLUNTARY behavior in an individual, such as giving rewards for good behavior?
Operant Conditioning
There are two main types of long-term memory: declarative and nondeclarative. What is each one used for?
Declarative: containing information that is conscious & known (what people know)
Nondeclarative: memory skills, procedures, habits, & conditioned responses (what people know how to do)
John loves exciting experiences like amusement parks and large crowds, while Jane prefers to stay at home where it is calm and quiet. Which theory would explain this difference by saying that each individual has their own optimal (best) level of stimulation?
Arousal Theory
Freud argued that there are 3 parts of one's personality that are always interacting with each other. Which one interacts with the outside world and mediates between the two others?
Ego
Which perspective, famously established by Sigmund Freud, argues that disorders are caused by repressed, threatening thoughts or memories trying to resurface?
Psychodynamic
Identify the type of reinforcement or punishment being described:
Something desirable is given to reward good behavior.
Positive Reinforcement
When measuring intelligence, a test is __________ if it produces the same scores each time it is given to the same people.
Reliable
What is the name of the pyramid that includes several levels of needs that a person must meet before reaching the highest level of personal fulfilment (self-actualization)?
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Sally believes that if she works hard enough, she can achieve any career that she desires despite being raised in a poor family. Does she have an internal or external locus of control?
Internal
Give the name of the manual that helps professionals diagnose patients by providing descriptions, causes, and symptoms of over 250 different disorders. (Can be either full name or short name)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
Identify the type of reinforcement or punishment being described:
Something negative is removed to reward good behavior.
Negative Reinforecement
When measuring intelligence, a test is __________ if it actually measures what it’s supposed to measure instead of accidentally measuring another skill.
Valid
What are the 3 elements that are required to label something as an "emotion?"
1. Physical arousal (triggering of nervous system)
2. Behavior (reveals the feeling to the outside world)
3. Inner awareness (consciousness) of that feeling
We learned about 4 different personality types: A, B, C, and this one, which seems to thrive on stress, but lacks the anger & hostility of Type A.
Hardy
Which disorder is characterized by obsessions which create anxiety that is only relieved by performing repetitive rituals?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Identify the type of reinforcement or punishment being described:
You have been grounded for not doing your homework.
Negative Punishment
Sometimes, people from different cultures struggle on IQ tests due to language barriers or not understanding cultural references. What is this called?
Cultural Bias
Give an example of a display rule.
Up to me!
Name each factor of the Five Factor (OCEAN) Model.
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Which personality disorder can cause individuals to use or exploit others with little to no concern for their rights or feelings?
Antisocial Personality Disorder