Cognitive Development
What is cognitive development?
how children think, explore, and figure things out
What is physical development?
process that starts in human infancy and continues into late adolescence. how humans physically develop.
What is emotional development?
ability to recognize, express, and manage feelings at different stages of life and to have empathy for others.
What is a schema?
mental representations of the world
How many different types of parenting styles are there?
4
What is the SENSORIMOTER stage?
ages 0-2, coordination of senses with motor responses, sensory curiosity about the world, language is used for demands, object permanence is developed.
True or false: Human development begins after an infant is born.
False
True or false? Learning depends on a child's sense of emotional attachment and security.
True
True or false? Assimilation is trying to fit new objects into existing schemas.
True
Authoritarian
parents have the only say in the household, children follow directions immediately and without questions, parents may use physical punishments along with strict rules and expectations.
What is the PREOPERATIONAL stage?
2-7 years, symbolic thinking, imagination and intuition are strong, conservation is developed.
What happens during each stage of maturation?
3 months: lift head
4 mo: smile
5-6 mo: grasping objects
8-10 mo: crawling
What is ATTACHMENT?
deep, caring, close, and enduring emotional bond between infant and caregiver.
What did Jean Piaget believe?
that intelligence and ability develops gradually as a child grows.
Authoritative(Democratic)
parents have final say but are willing to discuss family rules and roles with children. Children are able to voice opinions and complaints but ultimately follow parent's rules. Firm but mild discipline
What is the CONCRETE OPERATIONAL stage?
7-11 years, time, space and quantity are understood and can be applied but not as independent concepts.
When do most infants acquire depth perception and awareness of their environment?
6 months or older
Securely attached children are...
more sociable, well adjusted, cooperative, and perform better in school.
What does Freud's Theory of Psychosexual development say?
children are born with powerful and aggressive sexual urges.
Permissive(Indulgent)
don't set firm rules, children insist on having their way and parents allow it, they go back on demands of children, only enforce rules when frustrated, kids set most of their own rules.
What is the FORMAL OPERATIONAL stage?
11-on, theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking, abstract logic and reasoning, strategy and planning become possible, concepts learned in context can be applied to another.
Explain the stages of language acquisition.
1 yr: babbling
2 yr: dozens of words, questioning tone
3 yr: simple sentences, basic grammar, 5,000 words
4 yr: grammatical rules, future tense, 9,000 words
5 yr: complete clauses, joins multiple ideas into one sentence.
Insecurely attached children are...
less social, often develop behavior disorders as adolescents, do poorly in school.
What does Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development say?
the need for social approval is important
Uninvolved
Parents are egocentric, pay little/no attention to children, no rules, children are unsupervised and set their own rules, role in family, and routine.