Genes and Environment
The complete genetic code written in DNA, present from conception and fixed for life
Genotype
The three prenatal stages
1. Germinar
2. Embryonic
3. Fetal
Which reflex causes a newborn to automatically suck when the roof of the mouth is stimulated?
Sucking Reflex
What does heredity refer to?
The passing of traits from one generation to another
What kind of family consists of two parents and their children living in the same home?
Nuclear Family
The observable expression of a person’s genotype
Phenotype
During which stage does the fetus begin to move?
Fetal Stage
Which reflex causes a baby to turn its head toward a touch on the cheek or side of the mouth?
Rooting Reflex
What is ontogeny?
The development of an individual from conception to maturity
What type of family has one adult parent raising one or more children?
Single-parent Family
Complete the formula
Genotype + ______ = Phenotype
Environment
This prenatal stage lasts from fertilization to the second week
Germinal Stage
Which reflex occurs when a baby’s hand automatically closes around a finger placed in the palm?
Palmar Grasp Reflex
What is Phylogeny
The evolutionary history of a species over geological time
What type of family includes relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, or cousins?
Extended Family
Many genes act togethe, each with a small effect on a trait
Polygenetic Inheritance
During which prenatal stage do the main organs begin to form?
Embryonic Stage
Wich reflex is when a baby suddenly extends its arms and legs after hearing a loud noise
Moro Reflex
What are biological predisposition
Inherited biological tendencies that influence certain emotional or behavioral responses
What are the four types of contraceptive methods?
Natural, mechanical, chemical, and surgical
These can be identical in twins, while their environments, friends, and experiences may be different
Genotype
Name three environmental factors that can negatively affect prenatal development
Any three: chemical substances, poor maternal nutrition, illness/infection, maternal stress, radiation, pollutants, heavy metals, or lack of prenatal care
When a baby's head is turned to one side, the arm and leg on that side extend while the opposite limbs flex, what reflection can we see?
Tonic Neck Reflex
What is prepared learning?
The biological predisposition to learn certain protective associations or fears more easily than others
Name two surgical contraceptive methods
Vasectomy and tubal ligation