Psychology Unit Review

Attachment Theory and Learned Helplessness

100

True or false: If you're insecurely attached, you can change your attachment style over time to become more securely attached

True 

200

How many types of insecure attachment styles are there?

3

300

What are some symptoms of anxious attachment?

Individuals will often worry about their partners leaving them, may be viewed as "clingy" due to a deep-seated fear of abandonment 

400

How is disorganized attachment different than anxious or avoidant attachment?

It's a mix of both; they both want and fear closeness, will flip-flop between appearing anxiously attached/clingy and then withdrawing/becoming distant out of fear 

500

What is the main experiment they did that gave us the concept of learned helplessness, and how did it work?

They shocked some dogs and didn't give them a solution, vs shocked other dogs and did. The shocked dogs from the first group didn't try to find a solution even when their environment changed, they had "learned helplessness" and became resigned to the shocks despite there being a way out. 

Personality Theories

100

True or false: The MBTI and Enneagram tests are backed by scientific findings

False

200

True or false: There is no unified, universally-accepted  theory on personality  

True

300

What are some common criticisms of personality theories? 

Personality is affected by context/the situation, there's no singular universal explanation, some of the theories are too Western-centric and don't take into account the culture a person was raised in or the effects of culture on personality in general 

400

How does nature vs nurture influence our personality, and how does science view these influences now? 

Genetics and environment BOTH play a role in shaping our personality, estimates can vary on which one plays more of a role (genetics influence around 30-60% of our personality, estimates often at 40-50%) 

500

What are the "Big 5" or OCEAN traits, part of a widely accepted, evidence-based psychological framework? 

• Openness to Experience (O): Measures curiosity, imagination, creativity, and a willingness to try new things. High scorers are adventurous; low scorers prefer routines.
• Conscientiousness (C): Reflects organization, dependability, discipline, and achievement-oriented behavior. High scorers are organized and reliable; low scorers may be more spontaneous or careless.
• Extraversion (E): Defines sociability, talkativeness, and energy levels in group settings. High scorers gain energy from others; low scorers (introverts) need solitude.
• Agreeableness (A): Focuses on compassion, cooperation, trust, and empathy. High scorers are empathetic and polite; low scorers are more competitive or critical.
• Neuroticism (N): Measures emotional stability, anxiety, and vulnerability to stress. High scorers tend to experience mood swings and anxiety; low scorers are generally more stable and calm

Psychological Disorders

100

True or false: PTSD is caused primarily by genetic conditions

False

200

What are common ways to treat psychological disorders?

Therapy, medication, support systems, a combination of all of the above, etc. 

300

What is an example of an eating disorder?

Anorexia, bulimia, binge eating disorder, purging disorder, etc. 

400

At what time do symptoms of schizophrenia usually start showing?

Between late adolescence and early adulthood (typically 16-30) 

500

People who used to be referred to as "psychopaths" and "sociopaths" are now classified as having which conditions? 

Antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder

Miscellaneous

100

True or false: Research has shown that genetics and biology account for 85% of our personality

False (estimates vary, some say between 30-60%, usually around the 40-50% range) 

200

What does the term "nurture" refer to? 

Environmental factors that affect our behavior and personality (for example, how you were raised) 

300

Who created the hierarchy of needs?

Maslow 

400

What are some short-term AND long-term effects of not sleeping?

Short-term: Poor concentration/focus, memory lapses,  reduced ability to learn or retain information, increased stress/irritability, higher risk of workplace injuries,  dangerous "drowsy driving" incidents, etc.

Long-term: Metabolic issues, risk of heart disease, mental health diseases, increased risk of developing Alzheimer's  

500

What are the two examples of neurodevelopmental disorders we talked about in class?

ADHD and autism spectrum disorder