Chapter 1
This is the scientific study of mental disorders, including their causes, progression, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.
What is psychopathology?
The Multidimensional Integrative Approach argues that psychopathology should be understood using multiple dimensions rather than relying on this.
What is a single dimension/perspective?
This refers to the degree to which a measurement is consistent.
What is reliability?
This type of research describes a phenomenon and determines basic definitions but does not tell us how or why something occurs.
What is descriptive research?
These are the three general criteria used when considering whether behavior may be considered a psychological disorder.
What are psychological dysfunction, personal distress or impairment, and atypical/not culturally expected behavior?
Name two dimensions incorporated into the Multidimensional Integrative Approach.
What are biological, psychological, emotional, or social factors?
(Any two.)
This refers to whether an assessment actually measures what it is designed to measure.
What is validity?
This type of research examines whether and how two variables change together but cannot establish causation.
What is correlational research?
This historical tradition attributed psychopathology to supernatural forces such as demons, witches, and religious influences.
What is the Supernatural Tradition?
This model proposes that individuals may inherit tendencies toward certain traits or behaviors that become activated under stressful conditions.
What is the Diathesis-Stress Model?
This diagnostic strategy focuses on the unique factors that make up an individual and influence diagnosis and treatment.
What is the idiographic strategy?
In experimental research, this variable is manipulated by the researcher to determine its effect on another variable.
What is the independent variable?
According to this theory developed by Hippocrates and Galen, psychological functioning was related to the balance of four bodily substances: blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm.
What is the Humoral Theory of Disorders?
This term refers to a condition that makes someone susceptible to developing a psychological disorder and is also called a vulnerability factor.
What is a diathesis?
Unlike the categorical approach, this approach uses a gradient, scale, or spectrum to describe psychopathology.
What is the dimensional approach?
This type of research involves regulated procedures and manipulation of variables, allowing researchers to investigate cause and effect.
What is experimental research?
In psychoanalytic theory, this part of the personality operates according to the reality principle and mediates between the Id and Superego
What is the Ego?
This process describes genes being turned on or off by factors outside the genome, including stress, nutrition, and parenting.
What is epigenetics?
The DSM-5 eliminated this feature that had previously been used in DSM-III and DSM-IV to organize diagnoses across several different areas of functioning.
What is the multiaxial system?
This problem occurs when researchers treat participants as one homogeneous group and make inaccurate generalizations without considering individual variation.
What is the Patient Uniformity Myth?