CH. 4 Terms
Explain validity vs. reliability and give some examples of each
Reliability- consistency of assessment measures
interrater reliability: different judges independently agree on how to score/interpret assessment
Validity- measures what it is supposed to measure
Predictive validity: ability to predict future characteristics of a behavior
concurrent validity: measures from one tool agree with the measures from another tool
face validity- looks like it is measuring what it is supposed to
This disorder is characterized by constant feelings of feeling threatened and anxious, strong worries that something awful will happen, and is associated with strong physiological reactions.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
If someone suffers from anxiety, depression, flashbacks, or insomnia for less than 30 days/1 month/4 weeks, it is _____, but if they experience it for more than 30 days/1 month/4 weeks, then it is ______.
Acute Stress Disorder; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
This type of exposure therapy gradually relaxes the patient while they face objects or situations they fear by implementing relaxation training and a fear hierarchy.
Systematic desensitization
What are the 4 types of amnesia?
Localized, selective, generalized, continuous
What type of test involves clients interpreting vague stimuli, such as inkblots, or open-ended instructions in hopes that the clinician can assess aspects of their personality?
Projective tests:
Rorschach Tests- inkblots
Thematic Apperception Test- shown 30 cards of black and white images and client is asked to make up a dramatic story for each
Someone with this disorder avoids social situations where they may be negatively evaluated by others or themselves to an extent that it causes significant impairment in their daily life.
Social Anxiety Disorder
Dissociative _____ is the inability to recall important-life related information (typically traumatic and stressful information), dissociative _____ _____ is the inability to remember daily events, personal information, and traumatic events and experiences a disruption in identity.
Dissociative Amnesia; Dissociative identity Disorder
This type of exposure therapy is used for specific phobias or PTSD by the therapist repeatedly exposing the client to it in hopes that they will realize the phobia is actually harmless. They do not receive relaxation training or a gradual buildup and it can be done in vivo or covert.
Flooding
In a clinical setting, this is when the clinician performs a task or interacts with something that their client is afraid of in hopes that the client realizes it is not dangerous.
In a developmental setting, this is when a fear is acquired through seeing something happen to someone else (ex: Mya saw Emily fall down the NQ stairs and is now afraid of them).
Modeling
If someone is diagnosed with a mental disorder, they may be perceived in a certain way and start acting accordingly. What would this be?
Self-fulfilling prophecy
This disorder has intense, persistent, and irrational fear(s) that are accompanied by a desire to avoid the feared stimuli.
_______ is the feeling that one's environment is unreal or strange; _____ is the feeling that one's conscious state or body is unreal
Derealization; Depersonalization
T/F: Medications provide long-term therapy.
False
Free-floating anxiety, conditions of worth, unconditional positive regard and irrational assumptions are terms under what disorder?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
What psychophysiological test measures heart rate, breathing, and perspiration during control questions and test questions to assess if there is a sudden change and ultimately determine if they are lying?
Polygraph tests
People with this disorder commonly misinterpret normal physicological symptoms and experience unpredictable and sudden panic attacks that are severe enough to impair their daily lives.
Panic Disorder
T/F: People with panic disorders experience higher anxiety sensitivity to physiological reactions than those who do not have a panic disorder.
True
What is the difference between the Cognitive-Behavioral approach when treating OCD?
Cognitive: Obsessions
Behavioral: Compulsions
This model explains the development of Generalized Anxiety Disorder and is part of the Biopsychosocial model.
Diathesis-stress model
Interviews where the clinician asks open-ended questions is considered _______
Interviews where clinician asks prepared and specific questions is considered _______
Unstructured
Structured
This disorder is characterized by intrusive, foreign thoughts that are reduced by completing certain behaviors and is severe enough to cause dysfunction in daily life.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
T/F: Obsessions are one's actions that are anxiety-reducing and compulsions are one's thoughts that are anxiety-provoking.
False
T/F: Compulsions are a negative reinforcer.
True