Joint & Soft Tissue Mobilization
This rule states that when the concave surface is stationary and the convex surface is moving, the joint's gliding motion occurs OPPOSITE the direction of bone movement.
What is convex-concave rule?
This term describes the subconscious activation of muscles that occurs in preparation for and in response to joint motion and loading.
What is neuromuscular control?
This term describes an increase in muscle fiber size, driven by increased synthesis of actin and myosin.
What is hypertrophy?
A bone fracture in an adult typically achieves clinical union within this general time frame.
What is 3 to 4 months?
These two mobilization grades are used to treat pain — small-amplitude oscillations performed at the beginning of the joint's range.
What are Grade I and II?
This is the area contained within the parts of the body making contact with the external environment — and it isn't a fixed shape.
What is the base of support?
With strength training, this muscle fiber type increases in size more than Type I fibers do.
What are Type II fibers?
This principle guides ligament healing positioning: a healing ligament should be protected in this type of position, since repeatedly stretching it in the injured direction is counterproductive.
What is a shortened position?
These two mobilization grades are used to treat joint restrictions, moving further into the limited range.
What are Grade III and Grade IV?
These two mechanoreceptors, found in the ligaments and joint capsules rather than the muscle-tendon unit, convey information about joint position, movement speed, and tissue load.
What are Ruffini receptors and Pacinian corpuscles?
In a periodized strength program, this term describes the mid-length training cycle, typically measured in months, falling between a microcycle and a macrocycle.
What is a mesocycle?
Articular cartilage is described by these three 'a-' terms, meaning it has no blood vessels, nerves, or lymphatic supply, and instead relies on diffusion for nutrition.
What is avascular, aneural, and alymphatic?
This mobilization grade does not apply to — and is not delegated to — a PTA.
What is Grade V?
This trio of functional scoring tools — including the Timed Up and Go and the Tinetti — is commonly used to assess balance.
What are the Berg Balance Scale, TUG, and Tinetti?
This simple field test for exercise intensity relies on a patient's ability, or inability, to hold a conversation during activity.
What is the talk test?
This is the first phase of fracture repair, marked by bleeding, fibrin clot formation, and the start of a hematoma.
What is Phase I?
This type of joint movement — glide, spin, and roll occurring at the bone ends — is not under the patient's voluntary control.
What is arthrokinematic (accessory) motion?
This commercial training device, along with the wobble board, is used for advanced proprioceptive balance training after a lower extremity injury.
What is the Biomechanical Ankle Platform System (BAPS)?
This method calculates target heart rate using heart rate reserve — the difference between maximum and resting heart rate — rather than max HR alone.
What is the Karvonen method?
If a hematoma fails to develop or bone healing never occurs, this permanent failure of bone union results.
What is nonunion?
This joint position, where the capsule is relaxed and joint play is maximal, is generally used for comfortable mobilization treatment.
What is the loose-packed position?
This term is defined as the ability to produce patterns of body and limb motion in the context of environmental objects and events, such as reaching to grasp an object.
What is coordination?
This training principle holds that the body adapts specifically to the type of demand placed on it — for example, training slow and heavy builds strength, not endurance.
What is the SAID principle (Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands)?
When a fracture heals in a nonanatomic position, due to ineffective or inadequate immobilization, this outcome results.
What is malunion?
These four conditions are considered ABSOLUTE contraindications to joint mobilization.
What are osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, joint hypermobility, and neurologic symptoms?
Among patients age 80 and older who suffer a hip fracture, this percentage of men die within one year.
What is 18%?
This term describes a decrease in muscle fiber size and strength, commonly resulting from disuse or immobilization.
What is atrophy?
A Grade 2 muscle strain typically requires this healing time before a full return to activity.
What is 5 to 6 weeks?