Shoulder
This labral injury, distinct from a Bankart lesion, stands for Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior tear.
What is a SLAP tear?
This condition, aka 'tennis elbow,' affects the common wrist extensor origin at the lateral epicondyle.
What is lateral epicondylitis?
This special test for nerve compression is performed by tapping over the nerve; a positive result produces a tingling sensation.
What is Tinel's sign?
This neural tension test for lumbar radiculopathy is known for having higher sensitivity than specificity.
What is the straight leg raise (SLR)?
For shoulder flexion MMT (grades 3-5), the patient is seated and resistance is applied at this location.
What is the distal humerus?
In this stage of adhesive capsulitis, stiffness exceeds pain, AROM approximates PROM, and the end-feel is capsular.
What is Stage III — Frozen?
Among the wrist extensor muscles involved in tennis elbow, this one has the highest incidence of involvement.
What is the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)?
These two special tests for carpal tunnel syndrome involve holding the wrist in maximal flexion, or maximal extension, for about a minute.
What are Phalen's and Reverse Phalen's tests?
Unlike the SLR, this neural tension test demonstrates both high sensitivity AND high specificity for radiculopathy.
What is the slump test?
This muscle group is the prime mover tested during shoulder abduction MMT, typically assessed up to 90 degrees before scapular substitution occurs."
What are the middle deltoid and supraspinatus?
In this final stage of adhesive capsulitis, pain is minimal to none, irritability is low, and ROM gradually improves.
What is Stage IV — Thawing?
Medial epicondylitis affects the origin of the pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, and this fourth muscle.
What is the flexor carpi ulnaris?
This special test for De Quervain's tenosynovitis is performed by making a fist over the thumb while moving the wrist into ulnar deviation.
What is Finkelstein's test?
This test, performed by lifting both legs a few inches off the table while supine, assesses functional or mechanical instability of the pelvis.
What is the Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR)?
Shoulder extension MMT tests these three prime movers together.
What are the latissimus dorsi, teres major, and posterior deltoid?
This special test is performed by passively elevating the shoulder through flexion with internal rotation; pain results from rotator cuff compression against the acromion.
What is the Neer test?
Ice is used cautiously in acute medial epicondylitis management specifically to protect this nerve, which runs close to the medial epicondyle.
What is the ulnar nerve?
This diagnostic study is considered the gold standard for confirming carpal tunnel syndrome, with sensitivity of 85% and specificity over 95%.
What is a nerve conduction study?
Stabilization (Stanley Paris), Mobilization (Maitland/Mulligan), and Directional Preference (McKenzie) are three examples of this type of lumbar treatment approach.
What is Treatment-Based Classification (TBC)?
Wrist flexion MMT applies resistance across the palm and primarily tests these two muscles.
What are the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris?
An avulsion of the long head of the biceps tendon from repetitive overhead tension most often occurs during this phase of the throwing motion.
What is the deceleration phase?
This heterotopic bone formation is a known complication following a posterior elbow dislocation.
What is myositis ossificans?
A night splint for carpal tunnel syndrome is fabricated to hold the wrist in this neutral position.
What is 0 degrees of flexion/extension?
Moving from flexion into extension, the nucleus pulposus tends to shift in this direction within the disc.
What is anteriorly?
Scapular elevation MMT is tested with resistance pushing down on top of the shoulders, isolating this muscle pair.
What are the upper trapezius and levator scapulae?
Rotator cuff tears are classified by this depth distinction — either involving the entire thickness of the tendon or only part of it.
What are partial-thickness and full-thickness tears?
This condition — inflammation and fluid buildup of the bursa overlying the olecranon — is treated with aspiration and avoidance of direct pressure.
What is olecranon bursitis?
This condition presents as a catching or 'sticking' of a digit during active flexion, typically stuck in flexion and requiring passive correction.
What is trigger finger?
This mechanism describes how repetitive extension increases hydrostatic pressure, shunting fluid toward the endplates and reducing pressure on the nerve root — the basis of centralization.
What is the osmotic/hydrostatic pressure mechanism of centralization?
Cervical extension MMT applies resistance at this location, with the patient typically prone or seated.
What is the occiput?
This term describes abnormal position or motion of the scapula during shoulder movement, often contributing to impingement.
What is scapular dyskinesis?
This mechanism, another name for a UCL sprain, involves valgus and extension forces that peak during the acceleration phase of throwing.
What is valgus extension overload?
This finger deformity results from an interrupted extensor tendon mechanism at the DIP joint, producing a flexion contracture of that joint.
What is mallet finger?
This condition involves compression of the subclavian artery and/or brachial plexus, and is sometimes associated with an extra rib originating off C7.
What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
Trunk extension MMT is performed with the patient prone, resistance applied over the upper back, testing this muscle group.
What is the erector spinae?