Logical Reasoning
Involves drawing conclusions about an object or phenomenon based on its similarities to something else
A. Analogical reasoning
B. Inductive reasoning
Mental dialogue
A. an imagined conversation the speaker has with a given audience in which the speaker tries to anticipate what questions, concerns, or issues the audience may have to the subject under discussion
B. a psychological phenomenon where people confronted with conflicting information or viewpoints reach a state of dissonance (generally the disagreement between conflicting thoughts and/or actions), which can be very uncomfortable, and results in actions to get rid of the dissonance and maintain consonance
a word, icon, picture, object, or number that is used to stand for or represent a concept, thing, or experience
A. Channel
B. Symbol
the act of using another person’s words or ideas without giving credit to that person
A. Stealing
B. Plagiarism
Central Idea Statement
A. a statement that contains or summarizes a speech’s main points
B. a statement indicating the author's stance and purpose
False Cause
A. a general fallacy involving causal reasoning, where it is assumed that something that is neither strong or direct enough has caused something else, or something that happened first in time caused something later
B. a fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent events that cannot be prevented
Proposition
A. The central idea statement in a persuasive speech; a statement made advancing a judgment or opinion
B. A symbolic process in which communicators try to convince other people to change their attitudes or behavior regarding an issue through the transmission of a message, in an atmosphere of free choice
a severe fear of public speaking
A. Batrachophobia
B. Glossophobia
a false statement of fact that damages a person’s character, fame, or reputation
A. Defamatory Speech
B. Hate Speech
Central Idea is also referred to as
A. "the thesis"
B. "purpose"
A fallacy where two things are compared that do not share enough key similarities to be compared fairly
A. False Analogy
B. Literal Analogy
a persuasive technique in which a speaker brings up a counter-argument to their own topic and then directly refutes the claim
A. Rhetoric
B. Two-tailed arguments
_____ is everything
A. Timing
B. Practice
a speaker’s credibility at the end of the speech
A. Terminal Credibility
B. Derived Credibility
"To explain to my classmates the effects of losing a pet on the elderly."
A. Specific Purpose
B. Central Idea
Straw Man
A. A fallacy that forces listeners to choose between two alternatives when more than two alternatives exist
B. Creating a diversion or introducing an irrelevant point to distract someone or get someone off the subject of the argument
Ethos
B. the use of emotions such as anger, joy, hate, desire for community, and love to persuade the audience of the rightness of a proposition; arguments based on emotion
A. the influence of speaker credentials and character in a speech; arguments based on credibility
Public speaking requires ____ ____
B. Inner Confidence
Ethically Crediting Sources In A Speech
A. “According to Dr. Samuel Jones, Head of Cardiology at Vanderbilt University, in a 2017 article in a prestigious medical journal…”
B. “According to Jones, p. 78,
the broad, overall goal of a speech; to inform, to persuade, to entertain/inspire, etc.
A. Main Idea
B. General Purpose
a form of inductive reasoning that seeks to make cause-effect connections
A. Casual Reasoning
B. Deductive Reasoning
Information + ________ = Persuasion
B. Attitude
Connotative
A. the objective or literal meaning shared by most people using the word
B. the subjective or personal meaning the word evokes in people together or individually
Types of Plagiarism
A. Tracing
B. Borrowing
Your specific purpose statement should
A. Never change
B. Change within reason