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This signal on alveolar epithelial cells acts as a "Don't eat me" signal
What is CD200?
Slide 16
Also produces IL-10 and contains Ī±vĪ²6 that activates TGF-Ī² on AMs
This is the most common causative agent of bronchiolitis
What is RSV?
Slide 3
Sarcoidosis presents with this type of granuloma on biopsy
What is non-caseating?
Slide 41
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, elevated ACE, non-caseating granulomas
This is the most common site of epistaxis
What is Kiesselbach's plexus?
Slide 10
The trachea bifurcation moves up one vertebral level during this part of the respiratory cycle
What is expiration?
Slide 6
This amino acid connects multiple mucin chains together, giving it it's viscosity
What is Cysteine?
Slide 7
Serine and Threonine bind pathogens
A patient presenting with bacterial pneumonia produces rust-colored sputum, indicating this to be the most likely causative agent
What is Strep pneumoniae?
Slide 29
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is this type of hypersensitivity reaction
What are types 3 and 4?
Slide 10
The frontal sinus drains into this meatus
What is the middle meatus?
Slide 16
Maxillary -> Middle
Ethmoidal (anterior and middle cells) -> Middle
Ethmoidal (Posterior cells) -> Superior
Sphenoidal -> sphenoethmoidal recess
During inspiration, the lower margins of the lungs descend into this space
What is the costodiaphragmatic/costophrenic recess?
Slide 31
This is the predominant immunoglobulin in the nose and lower respiratory tract
What is IgG?
Slide 21
Not IgA. This is strange considering we're looking at a mucosal surface
A patient presenting with pneumonia, diarrhea, and hyponatremia would likely point to this being the causative agent
What is Legionella?
Slides 30 and 31
These are 2 drugs that can precipitate drug-induced ILD
(There are more, but just name 2)
Direct cytotoxicity
- Bleomycin (anti-tumor antibiotic)
- Amiodarone (A-fib, V-Tac, V-fib)
- Nitrofurantoin (Uncomplicated UTIs)
Type 4 hypersensitivity
- Methotrexate (Immunosuppression and chemo)
- Nitrofurantoin
Phospholipidosis (Look for foamy macrophages)
- Amiodarone
Vascular Toxicity (chemotherapy agents)
- Cyclophosphamide
- Carmustine
Slide 30
This muscle is the only abductor of the vocal cords
What is the Posterior cricoarytenoid?
Slide 45
In the right lung hilum, this is the location of the pulmonary artery relative to the bronchus
What is anterior?
Slide 43
RALS
This type of lung dendritic cell respondes to viruses
What is CD103+?
Slide 15
CD11c(hi)
- CD103+ = Antiviral
- CD11b+ = Activate CD4+ T cells
CD11c(intermed) (pDCs)
- PDCA-1(hi)
Viral pneumonia occurring through hematogenous spread from a distant viral infection should point towards this causative agent
What is CMV?
Slide 37
Things that point towards virus>bacteria:
- Gradual onset
- Immunosupression
- Lack of purulent sputum
- Bilateral positive lung findings
- Rash
This type of pneumoconiosis presents with birefringent particles under polarized light and is the most common pneumoconiosis in the world
Silicosis
This is the only muscle in the pharynx that is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
What is the stylopharyngeus muscle?
Slide 29
All others are supplied by the vagus nerve
There is a similar one exception in the nerve supply to the muscles of the larynx. All muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, except the Cricothyroid (Ext. branch of the superior laryngeal nerve)
The mediastinal portion of the parietal pleura is supplied by this nerve
What is the phrenic nerve?
Slide 37
This surfactant protein limits inflammation by binding endotoxin
What is SP-C?
Slide 11
SP-B enhances bacterial killing at acidic pH
A patient from the Mississippi and Ohio river valley area presenting with a fungal lung infection should point towards these 2 causative agents
Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis?
Slide 47
Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico: coccidioidomycosis
Central and South America: paracoccidioidomycosis
Cocc>Blast (RBCs)>Hist
The pathogenesis of IPF involves the over proliferation of myofibroblasts as well as this other cell
Slide 32
Mainstay treatment of IPF is antifibrotic therapies. Immunosuppressive drugs are contraindicated!!!
This nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasopharynx
What is the maxillary nerve (V2)?
Slides 31 and 34
Oropharynx -> Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Laryngopharynx -> Internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerve (branch of X)
The lower third of the trachea is supplied by these arteries
What are the bronchial arteries?
Slide 12
Upper two thirds -> inferior thyroid arteries