Key Terms
Causes & Types
Risk Factors
Signs & Symptoms
Treatments
100
Alveolar collapse
What is atelectasis
100
All therapies designed to treat atelectasis are designed to increase which PFT value
What is FRC--simulate a deep breath or sigh.
100
These patients are considered high risk for respiratory complications with surgery because of their addiction.
What is cigarette smokers
100
These breath sounds are produced by the sudden opening of distal airways with deep breathing
What is crackles
100
All modes of lung expansion therapy increase lung volume by increasing .......
What is transpulmonary pressure (the difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure).
200
When high amounts of oxygen is given and nitrogen is washed out of the alveoli and it collapses?
What is Absorption Atelectasis
200
These types of surgery should always suggest possible atelectasis.
What is recent upper abdominal or thoracic surgery in any patient
200
This is a high risk factor for patients based on weight.
What is significant obesity
200
These are breath sounds that may be noticed when the lung becomes more consolidated with atelectasis
What is bronchial-type breath sounds
200
For a patient with minimal risk of postop atelectasis, what should the RT recommend?
What is deep breathing exercises, frequent repositioning, and early ambulation
300
This condition results when a patient's lung can not fully inflate due to a space-occupying lesion.
What is compression atelectasis
300
Patients with a history of inadequate nutritional intake, as seen with an albumin level less than 3.3mg/dl, have an increased risk for what?
What is pulmonary complications in postop period
300
This is a considered a high risk criteria for developing atelectasis based on site of surgery
What is upper abdominal or chest surgery
300
What effect is seen in the heart rate if atelectasis leads to significant hypoxemia?
What is tachycardia
300
For a patient with high risk of postop atelectasis, (undergoing upper abdominal surgery) what should the RT recommend?
What is IS if alert enough to perform this. If not, IPPB
400
This is a lung expansion therapy that maintains a positive airway pressure throughout inspiration and expiration.
What is CPAP
400
As atelectasis progresses how does the patient's respiratory rate change?
What is the respiratory rate increases proportionally.
400
A preop evaluation reveals the patient is a heavy smoker with bilateral crackles and wheezes. What does the patient need before surgery?
What is the patient would need bronchial hygiene, humidity and bronchodilators before surgery.
400
How does the chest radiograph appear when confirming the patient has atelectasis?
What is the atelectatic region of the lung has increased opacity
400
List 3 indications for Incentive Spirometry
What is 1. Presence of pulmonary atelectasis, 2. Presence of conditions predisposing to atelectasis (Upper abdominal, thoracic, COPD having surgery) 3. Restrictive lung condition with quadriplegia or dysfunctional diaphragm
500
This refers to collapse of an entire lobe of the lung.
What is lobar atelectasis
500
This is the most common type of therapy used in high-risk patient's
What is lung expansion therapy
500
These patients are at high risk for respiratory complications post a traumatic spinal injury
What is patients with spinal cord injury or neuromuscular disorders.
500
Displacement of the interlobar fissures and air bronchograms indicate what?
What is Direct signs of volume loss on the chest film
500
1. Patient cant be instructed or supervised to ensure appropriate use of device. 2. Pt. coop is absent 3. Patient unable to deep breath effectively (VC<10ml/kg or IC < 1/3 predicted)
What is Contraindications for incentive spirometry
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