Perception
Attention
Memory
Learning
Thinking & Intelligence
100
Detection and response to external stimuli by sense organs.
What is sensation? How is sensation different from perception? How are they related?
100
The theory of attention that attempts to explain the phenomenon of selective attention.
What is Filter Theory? Why do we need to filter information? What happens to irrelevant information?
100
The so-called "Magic Number" of working memory capacity.
What is 7 ± 2? How can you functionally increase your working memory capacity?
100
A special case of classical conditioning in which organisms very quickly learn to avoid a certain food due to a strong association between a that food and vomiting/other gastrointestinal distress.
What is food aversion? What is the evolutionary significance of food aversions? What is the US, UR, CS, & CR?
100
In your mind, the word "ZEBRA" or the concept that zebras look like striped horses.
What is a symbolic representation? What would you call it if you actually pictured a zebra instead of just thinking about the word or the abstract concept?
200
The Gestalt organizing principle that is illustrated by the reversible figure illusion.
What is figure and ground? How does figure and ground work?
200
This phenomenon describes what is happening when you hear your name over the music playing in your earbuds while you are studying at Starbucks.
What is the Cocktail Party Phenomenon? Why does information like your name draw your attention so effectively?
200
The implicit memory system that is responsible for memory of motor skills and behavioral habits.
What is procedural memory? What are the other kinds of long-term memory storage and how do they differ?
200
This has occurred when Scooby Doo tries to solve more mysteries because he receives Scooby Treats when he solves mysteries.
What is positive reinforcement? What kind of learning is positive reinforcement? Classical, operant, or observational? What process would have been used to teach Scooby how to solve mysteries initially by giving him Scooby snacks for doing things that were increasingly similar to solving mysteries?
200
A particular kind of cognitive schema related to social expectations of what is appropriate or inappropriate behavior for men versus women or boys versus girls to perform.
What are gender roles?
300
Particular deficits in the ability to recognize faces but not other objects.
What is prosopagnosia? What is the tendency to perceive faces in inanimate objects or other patterns called? What part of the brain is responsible for perceiving faces?
300
This relatively difficult and slow task requires the use of serial processing to find targets among distractors.
What is a conjunction task? Why is serial process more effortful and time-consuming than parallel processing?
300
This memory system allows us to perceive animation or cartoons as continuous motion rather than choppy, distinct images flashing before our eyes.
What is sensory memory?
300
The schedule of reinforcement that helps explain compulsive and addictive behaviors like gambling and drug abuse.
What is variable ratio schedule of partial reinforcement. How does the schedule of reinforcement relate to the rate of behavior performance and resistance to extinction?
300
This type of reasoning is being used when we interpret our interactions with people of different races from ours in terms of our own stereotypes and expectations about those races.
What is deductive reasoning? How would inductive reasoning be used here? Could it be helpful? How could inductive reasoning be harmful with respect to prejudice and stereotypes?
400
The Gestalt perceptual principle that predicts that you will perceive $$$++&&&@@ as four groups of symbols rather than as individual symbols or one cohesive group.
What is similarity? How does similarity work?
400
The phenomenon that occurs when a person fails to notice a change that occurs in their environment, even changes that may have occurred right in front of their face.
What is change blindness?
400
Vivid memories for surprising or emotional events that are usually believed to be more accurate than other memories, but are actually just as inaccurate as other memories.
What are flashbulb memories?
400
The learning process by which previously neutral stimuli take on a reinforcing quality and therefore become secondary reinforcers through pairings with primary reinforcers.
What is classical conditioning? What principle describes how more valued activities can be used to reinforce the performance of less valued activities?
400
This theory explains why people are more likely to quit smoking if you frame the argument for cessation in terms of what they might lose if they keep smoking than if you framed the same argument in terms of what they stand to gain from quitting.
What is Prospect Theory?
500
The type of information processing that is likely to occur when we encounter novel stimuli.
What is bottom-up processing? How does top-down processing explain context effects in visual perception?
500
Distractors of this sensory modality will be most effective at distracting you while you are trying to listen to recordings of class lectures.
What is audition or hearing? This question illustrates what larger principle about distractors? Why are these distractors so distracting?
500
Unlike what is often portrayed in movies and on television, this form of amnesia experienced by Henry Molaison prevented him from forming lasting new memories.
What is anterograde amnesia? Why is H.M. so important to the study of memory? What did his surgery and subsequent memory deficits teach us about how memory works in the brain?
500
In social or observational learning, doing this to the model will increase the likelihood that an acquired behavior will actually be performed in the future.
What is reinforcing the model?
500
This occurs when cognitive resources are diverted away from the immediate task at hand (such as taking a test) to anxiety and concerns about confirming negative stereotypes, which results in broad-reaching poor performance on the task at hand.
What is stereotype threat? How can stereotype threat be reduced? How can we compensate for it? Are the impacts of stereotype threat contained to the specific domain of the stereotype (such as math performance versus verbal performance)?
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