Cell differentiation and specialisation
They are the fundamental building blocks of all living organisms.
What are cells?
This organ system primarily transports oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products like carbon dioxide?
What is the circulatory system?
They are the finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption.
What are villi?
The lipid that forms the foundation of the cell membrane.
What are phospholipids?
It is the site of cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells.
What are the mitochondria?
They are groups of organs that collaborate to perform broader functions.
What are organ systems?
In fish they efficiently extract oxygen from water to meet their respiratory needs.
What are gills?
It is the name of the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates like starch into smaller sugar molecules.
What is amylase?
These structures in the cell membrane allow for selective passage of specific substances.
What are protein channels?
It is the general name given when cells eliminate carbon dioxide, urea, ammonia, and metabolic heat.
What is waste removal?
This term describes the capacity of stem cells to differentiate into various cell types.
What is potency?
It is the protein responsible for carrying oxygen around the body.
What is haemoglobin?
It is the most toxic type of nitrogenous waste produced as a result of the breakdown of proteins.
What is ammonia?
Active transport requires energy to move substances against this.
What is the concentration gradient?
It is the energy source for all cells that can't photosynthesise (i.e. don't absorb light energy).
What is chemical energy?
Stem cells possess this remarkable ability to divide and produce identical daughter cells.
What is self-renewal?
It is one of the four structural features that enhance the function of gaseous exchange surfaces.
What are:
(1) large surface area (2) moist (3) thin (4) surrounded by an extensive capillary system?
It will increase the rate of collision, but also denature an enzyme.
What is temperature?
Small cells rate of diffusion is faster because they have more of this relative to their volume.
What is surface area?
It is the primary difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells regarding internal structure.
What is the presence of internal membrane-bound organelles?
Because of their function, muscle cells contain a high proportion of this organelle.
What are mitochondria?
In a muscle during exercise, these materials are moving from capillaries into the muscle tissue.
What are oxygen and nutrients?
It is the section of the nephron that plays a crucial role in creating a concentration gradient in the renal medulla.
What is the Loop of Henle?
This process transports large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic cell membrane into the cell.
What is endocytosis?
It is the part of the cell involved in the synthesis of complex molecules, including proteins?
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?