Conservation Laws
What fundamental quantity is conserved in all physical and chemical processes, even when it changes form?
Energy
What is the region surrounds a mass and represents its gravitational influence?
Gravitational field
What type of energy conversion occurs in an electric generator?
mechanical to electrical
What property of light is the same for all observers?
the speed of light in a vacuum (3 × 10⁸ m/s)
What constant relates a photon’s energy to its frequency?
Planck’s constant (h = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J s)?
What quantity is conserved in every collision, explosion, or recoil event?
Momentum
What is the direction electric field lines point around a positive charge?
Away from the charge
A changing magnetic flux through a coil induces what?
electromotive force (EMF)
What term describes an observer moving at constant velocity without external forces?
inertial frame of reference
What experiment revealed the wave nature of light through interference?
Young’s double-slit experiment
DAILY DOUBLE!
What conservation law ensures that you can't have more electrons flowing into a junction than out of it.
Conservation of charge
What field is produced by a moving electric charge?
Magnetic field
Why do transformers only work with AC?
AC produces a changing magnetic flux. - DC does not.
Why do observers in relative motion disagree on simultaneity?
time and space are relative for different frames
What model unifies all known fundamental particles and forces (except gravity)?
The Standard Model of Particle Physics?
According to Lenz’s Law, an induced current flows in this direction relative to the change that produced it.
The direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux
What force keeps an object moving in a circular path?
Centripetal force
When a current-carrying wire is placed in a magnetic field, what happens?
It experiences a magnetic force ( F = B I l sin θ ).
Why do muons from the upper atmosphere reach Earth’s surface before decaying?
depending on your frame of reference, either (1) Time dilation slows their internal clock or (2) Length contraction compresses the thickness of the atmosphere
Accept either.
What are the six particles that can make up baryons and mesons?
up, down, top, bottom, charm, and strange quarks
In particle interactions, what two quantities must remain constant and are checked in every Feynman diagram?
Lepton number and baryon number?
Magnetic field lines point this direction inside a solenoid.
South to North
They wrap around from North to South on the OUTSIDE.
What principle explains why electromagnetic induction cannot produce free, limitless energy?
law of conservation of energy
The twin paradox suggests two twins should remain the same age, even when one goes on a relativistic journey away and back. Why does the Earth twin ages more?
The symmetry of time dilation is broken when the travelling twin accelerates and decelerates (travels in a non-inertial frame)
How much energy will a photoelectron have if the incident photon has a frequency equal to the threshold frequency
Zero