there are seldom more than five trophic levels in a food chain because this is lost at each step
What is energy
100
Heating a protein or lowering the pH can break its _________ bonds, causing the protein to unwind or change shape.
What is hydrogen
100
these cells have a circular, double-stranded molecule of DNA as the main genetic material
What is prokaryotic
100
The primary purpose of this process in living organisms is to produce biologically useful energy in the form of ATP.
What is cellular respiration
100
this process results in four haploid cells
What is meiosis
200
these types of heterotrophic species account for the smallest proportion of biomass in an ecosystem
What are top consumers or carnivores
200
The two strands of a DNA helix are held together by _____________ bonds.
What is hydrogen
200
this ratio limits cell size
What is surface area to volume
200
where glycolysis occurs
What is cytosol or cytoplasm
200
these cells don't exhibit density-dependent inhibition, stop dividing at random points in the cell cycle, aren't subject to cell cycle controls, and have mutations in cell cycle control proteins.
What are cancer cells
300
disease or resource availability are examples of this type population control
What is density-dependent
300
This makes each of the 20 different amino acids unique
What is R group
300
A form of cellular transport that is required to move a molecule against its concentration gradient
What is active transport
300
During photosynthesis this compound is incorporated into existing organic molecules to build carbohydrates
What is carbon dioxide
300
The somatic cells derived from a single-celled zygote divide by this process
What is mitosis
400
random movement of an organism that is faster in places that are unfavorable, and slower in places that are more favorable.
What is kinesis
400
A polymer of glucose that serves as a storage macromolecule in animals
What is glycogen
400
In eukaryotes, the organelle to which bound ribosomes are attached
What is Rough endoplasmic reticulum
400
The terminal electron acceptor in mitochondrial respiration
What is oxygen
400
compared to parent cells, daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis have this much DNA
What is the same amount
500
a 24 hour biological cycle
What is circadian rhythm
500
This macromolecule yields, gram for gram, more than twice as much energy as complex carbohydrates
What is fat or lipid
500
Where you would find an amino acid with a negatively charged side chain in a trans-membrane protein
What is outside or inside the cell
500
results in an increase in the concentration of lactic acid