Perception, Attention, Memory
This is the type of long-term memory that occurs without conscious awareness
What is implicit memory?
Piaget's term for mental structures that develop through exploration and interaction with the environment
What are schemas/schemata?
Ainsworth's experiment to assess the quality of parent–infant attachment
What is the Strange Situation?
This term refers to an individual's overall view and evaluation of themselves as a person
What is self-esteem?
This is the ability to reason about others' thoughts, beliefs, intentions, and hidden emotions, and using this information to predict their behaviour
What is theory of mind?
Knowledge of the human mind, and of cognitive processes, including thinking about personal thought processes.
What is metacognition?
Vygotsky's gap between what a learner can accomplish independently and what they can achieve with the guidance of a more skilled partner.
What is the zone of proximal development?
A parenting style that is high in control, but low in responsiveness.
What is authoritarian?
A model of personality comprised of six dimensions: honesty–humility, emotionality, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experience.
What is HEXACO?
These are neural cells in several brain areas that are activated both when we perform an action and when we observe someone else performing it
What are mirror neurons?
The theory that verbatim and gist-like accounts of an event are stored separately in memory
What is fuzzy-trace theory?
The understanding that things continue to exist even when they are no longer visible or otherwise detectable to the senses.
What is object permanence?
The development of self-awareness leads to the emergence of these, also known as 'secondary emotions'
What are self-conscious emotions?
Martin & Halverson's organised sets of beliefs & expectations about males & females that guide the kinds of information attended to and remembered by children
What are gender schemata?
This, according to Wellman, is the early infant understanding of other people's actions versus their goals
What is desire psychology?
The ability of the lens of the eye to change shape to bring objects at different distances into focus
What is visual accommodation?
The adolescent belief that their life embodies a special, unique story that no one else understands.
What is the personal fable?
Cultural rules that specify what emotions should be expressed, and under what circumstances
What are display rules for emotion?
Thomas & Chess categorised infant temperament into easy (40%), difficult (10%), and this
What is slow-to-warm-up? (15%)
In social cognitive theory, the avoidance of self-condemnation when engaged in immoral behaviour by justifying, minimising, or blaming others for one's actions
What is moral disengagement?
In the information processing model, this directs attention, controls the flow of information, and supervises the working-memory system.
What is the central executive?
Piaget's second stage of cognitive development, where children can think symbolically but have not yet mastered logical operations
What is the preoperational stage?
Carstensen's theory, where older adults prioritise emotionally meaningful relationships and positive experiences over acquiring new information
What is socioemotional selectivity?
Marcia's Identity Status Model includes 'diffusion', 'foreclosure', 'achievement', and this, where one experiences an identity crisis but has not yet made a commitment
What is moratorium?
Dodge's model of behaviour that involves encoding & interpreting cues, clarifying goals, generating & choosing responses, then acting
What is social information-processing?