Identity Models
This model explains Black racial identity development and includes stages such as Encounter and Internalization.
What is Cross’s Black Identity Development Model?
Identity development is usually described as this rather than fixed or rigid.
What is fluid or non-linear?
This approach emphasizes openness, curiosity, and lifelong learning instead of mastering culture.
What is cultural humility?
These are subtle comments or behaviors that communicate bias or invalidation.
What are microaggressions?
This model focuses on Asian American identity development.
What is Kim’s Asian American Identity Development Model?
This concept describes how identities like race, gender, and sexuality overlap.
What is intersectionality?
When clinicians think about how their own identities and experiences affect therapy, they are practicing this skill.
What is self-reflection?
“I don’t see race” is often considered this type of response.
What is colorblindness?
This model focuses on biracial identity development.
What is Poston’s Model?
These models should be used as guides for understanding, not these.
What are labels?
A clinician repeatedly saying “I treat everyone the same” may be using this approach.
What is colorblindness?
This can happen when clinicians make assumptions without considering culture.
What is bias?
This White identity model includes stages like Contact and Autonomy.
What is Helms’ White Racial Identity Development Model?
Identity often becomes more important in stressful situations because of this concept.
What is identity salience?
This term describes emotional reactions clinicians have toward clients that may affect treatment or evaluation.
What is countertransference?
Mispronouncing a client’s name repeatedly without correction may be an example of this.
What is a microaggression?
This Latino identity framework was developed by Ferdman and Gallegos.
What are Latino Identity Orientations?
Family, community, media, and schools are examples of these influences on identity.
What are systems or social influences?
This happens when clinicians interpret culturally influenced behaviors as symptoms or problems without considering context.
What is overpathologizing?
This helps clinicians identify blind spots and reduce bias.
What is supervision or consultation?