Foot Bones
what comprises the rear foot?
talus & calcaneus
what makes up the deltoid ligament? around which malleolus?
anterior tibiotalar
posterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcanean
*medial malleolus*
deltoid avulsion of medial M, shift laterally then fx lateral M
-severe everison
Pott's Fx
softening of the posterior cartilage of the knee which causes anterior knee pain in some folks
chondromalacia of patella
pathological increase in intercompartmental pressure = medical emergency
compartment syndrome
what comprises the mid foot
cuneiform, navicular, cuboid
which ligament is injured with a high ankle sprain
anterior tibiofibular
-Fx at metatarsal 5
-inversion of ankle/ direct blow
jones fx
unhappy triad
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus
repetitive microtrauma to periosteum and the tibialias anterior & tibialis posterior = due to overuse
Lateral/Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (shin splints)
what comprises the forefoot
metatarsals/phalanges
-calaneus to the cuboid
-tunnel for passage of fibularis longus
-supports longitudinal arch of the foot
long plantar
1. due to flat feet
2. due to high arches
1. pes planus
2. pes cavus
1. prevents knee hyper extension. what kind of test?
2. prevents knee hyperflexion. what kind of test?
1. ACL > anterior drawer
2. PCL > posterior drawer
high ankle sprain involving the rupture of anterior tibiofibular, posterior tibiofibular, interosseous membrane
syndesmosis sprain
how many tarsals make up the foot? what are they?
talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)
-sustentaculum tali to the posteroinferior surface of the navicular
-maintains longitudinal arch of the foot and supports the head of the talus
spring ligament
plantar nerve compression between MT
-tight shoes, overuse, trauma
Mortin's Neruoma
lateral blow to the knee will likely tear this
MCL
non weight bearing bone in the lower leg
fibula (2% of body weight)
what is considered midline of the foot
second toe
-thick, fairly strong band that runs from the talus to the lateral malleolus
-most important ligament, or most often injured
posterior talofibular
1. DIP deformity =flexed DIP
2. Ext app: terminal tendon = flexed DIP
3. volar plate & ext app = hyperext MTP, flex PIP
1. claw toe
2. mallet toe
3. hammer toe
name the 4 major knee ligaments
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Medial Collateral Ligament
second largest bone in the body
tibia