Vitals
"Normal" skin condition
Pink, Warm, Dry
This is ALWAYS the first step in primary assessment/scene size-up.
Scene safety
The name of the physical exam used during a trauma secondary assessment.
Head-to-Toe Exam
The name of this position: Patient is leaning forward with hands or elbows on knees
Tripod Position
The FOUR components that make up blood.
- Red blood cells
- White blood cells
- Platelets
- Plasma
The numerical base rates for Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Respiratory rate for an average adult (Include the units!)
BP: 120/80 mmHg
HR: 60-100 bpm
RR: 12-20 breaths per minute
The abbreviation used to describe the initial crucial steps in primary assessment.
ABC's
How often do you reassess a patient? (List times for stable and unstable patients)
Stable: 15 minutes
Unstable: 5 minutes
List the two main techniques for opening the airway. THEN note which one you would use on an unresponsive patient WITHOUT suspected trauma.
1. Head-tilt/Chin-lift *use this for unresponsive patients WITHOUT suspected trauma
2. Jaw Thrust
The most common and effective way to control External bleeding.
Direct Pressure and Elevation
Timing used for counting breaths when obtaining a patient's respiratory rate.
Count for 30 seconds and multiply by 2
Give the letter definition AND the question you would ask your patient regarding each component in OPQRST.
Onset: What were you doing when the pain started?
Provocation: What makes the pain worse or better? (What provokes it)
Quality: How would you describe the pain? (Sharp, stabbing, aching, etc.)
Radiation: Does the pain spread/radiate anywhere else?
Severity: On a scale of 1-10, what would you rate your pain?
Time: How long have you had this pain?
The accurate way to state your findings for vitals.
State: Rate AND Quality
Rhonchi- What is it, what does it sound like AND what does it often indicate?
Rhonchi = Lung Sound
Sounds like: Rattling/Snoring sounds
Often indicates: mucus in the airway
List the THREE types of bleeding.
1. Arterial
2. Venous
3. Capillary
Name of the most commonly used area/artery for obtaining pulse.
The Radial Artery
You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle accident. The patient has deformed bones and deep lacerations. When you ask them what hurts, they respond that they are having pain in their mouth where they bit their cheek. What is the chief complaint?
The pain in the cheek
For DCAP-BTLS, state what each letter stands for AND describe what each means.
Deformities: Abnormal shapes, misalignments
Contusions: Bruises or discoloration caused by blood leaking under the skin
Abrasions: Scrapes where the top layer of skin is rubbed off
Punctures/Penetrations: Holes in the body (ex. gunshot wounds, stabbings)
Burns: Damage from heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation
Tenderness: Pain or discomfort felt by the patient when the area is touched (palpated)
Lacerations: Deep cuts or tears in the skin
Swelling: Accumulation of fluid or blood in the tissues, often indicating injury
List the TWO airway adjuncts (aka artificial airways) that we talked about. Give the abbreviations AND full names.
1. OPA- Oropharyngeal Airway
2. NPA- Nasopharyngeal Airway
As an EMT, what would your course of action be for treating a patient with INTERNAL bleeding?
- Scene safety
- ABC's
- rapid TRANSPORT
*As goes for internal bleeding, EMTs cannot do much for Treatment. Our main goal is to keep the patient stable (& prevent them from going into shock) and rapidly transport.
What is the instrument used to measure blood pressure? (The technical word- not Blood Pressure Cuff)
Sphygmomanometer
List 5 considerations that need to be taken during scene size-up.
- Traffic
- Violence/weapons
- Fire/Explosives
- Chemicals
- Electrical hazards
- Weather
- Unstable structures
- Etc.
List the order of the body parts assessed during a Head- to- toe exam for the Secondary Trauma Assessment, AND describe how you would examine each part.
1. Head
- Inspect/palpate scalp
- Inspect mouth, nose, ears
- Assess eyes
2. Neck
- Palpate trachea to ensure correct position
- Check for JVD
- C-Spine stabilization needed?
3. Chest
- Inspect/palpate
- Listen to chest sounds on both sides of the chest
4. Abdomen/Pelvis
- Inspect/palpate
- Verbalize assessment of genitalia/perineum
5. Legs/Arms
- Inspect/palpate
- Check for presence of pulses
- Check motor functions (if possible)
6. Back
- Inspect/palpate
List ALL of the components that make up the anatomy of the UPPER AIRWAY.
(hint: there are 6 that I am looking for )
- Nasal passage
- Oral passage
- Pharynx (throat)
- Larynx (voice box)
- Epiglottis
- Esophagus
List one of the TYPES of Shock mentioned last class. THEN, give a potential reason as to what could cause it.
(I mentioned many!)
Accepted Answers:
Hypovolemic Shock- extreme loss of blood or bodily fluids
Distributive Shock- vasodilation
Septic Shock- infection
Cardiogenic Shock- heart pump not functioning properly, heart attack, CHF
Anaphylactic Shock- severe allergic reaction
Neurogenic Shock- spinal cord injury
Obstructive Shock- obstruction preventing the heart from pumping blood efficiently