Historical Literacy and Sources
Which type of Historical Source is the most important in studying historical events?
A. Primary Source because they were created by the witnesses of the event, so their accounts are more important.
B. Secondary Source because they are a synthesis of primary sources and the author has likely already analyzed, corroborated, and understood any differences between the claims of the primary sources
C. Tertiary Source because they synthesize secondary sources and have more information than secondary sources.
D. No single type of historical source is more important than the others.
D. No single type of historical source is more important than the others.
What is the best possible reason why the King of Spain accepted Magellan’s proposed expedition to the spice islands via a western route?
A. The King of Spain just wanted to spite the King of Portugal, who had repeatedly rejected Magellan’s proposed expedition.
B. Portugal had dominance over the trade routes towards the spice islands through the east, so a possible route through the west would allow Spain to have access to the highly valuable spices.
C. The King of Spain liked Magellan after their first meeting and wanted to give his new friend a chance.
D. None of the above
B. Portugal had dominance over the trade routes towards the spice islands through the east, so a possible route through the west would allow Spain to have access to the highly valuable spices.
What was the name of the special judicial mechanism or court established by the Spanish colonial government to conduct an inquiry into the official performance and potential abuses of a Governor General who was about to be replaced in office?
A. Visita
B. Royal Audiencia
C. Residencia
D. Corregimiento
C. Residencia
Act No. 74 by the Second Philippine Commission established the Department of Public Instruction. It served many purposes, except one. Which one is it?
A. Furthered the separation of the church and state by disallowing teachers to teach any religious-centered topics.
B. To enhance the educational level of the filipinos by establishing a public education system available to everyone
C. Allowed the USA to covertly bring in forces from their home country with the cover of them being teachers.
D. To teach english to the filipinos and enhance communication between the americans and the filipinos
C. Allowed the USA to covertly bring in forces from their home country with the cover of them being teachers.
What was the primary event during the 2000-2001 impeachment trial of President Joseph Estrada that triggered the "EDSA II" People Power Revolution?
A. The discovery of the "Jose Velarde" account containing millions of pesos in undeclared wealth.
B. The decision by 11 senators to vote against opening a second "envelope" believed to contain incriminating bank evidence.
C. The formal testimony of Governor Luis "Chavit" Singson regarding the illegal gambling payoff system known as jueteng.
D. The Supreme Court's immediate ruling that Estrada was permanently disabled and unfit for office.
B. The decision by 11 senators to vote against opening a second "envelope" believed to contain incriminating bank evidence.
A student is researching a 1920s labor strike and finds a textbook summary, a newspaper article written by a witness in 1920, and a modern academic book analyzing the strike’s impact. If the student wants to practice "Corroboration," what action should they take?
A. Focus only on the newspaper article because it provides a first-hand primary account of the event.
B. Compare the witness's claims in the newspaper against the modern academic analysis to see where they agree or differ.
C. Read the textbook summary to quickly memorize the names and dates of the strike leaders.
D. Determine if the author of the modern academic book has a personal bias against labor unions.
B. Compare the witness's claims in the newspaper against the modern academic analysis to see where they agree or differ.
Following the Battle of Mactan, the Cebuanos poisoned the remaining Spanish soldiers during a feast. Which of the following explains this act by the Cebuanos?
A. The Cebuanos were traditional allies of Lapu-Lapu and were only pretending to be friends with Magellan.
B. The act was a retaliation for the foreigners' misconduct and lack of respect toward local women before the battle.
C. The Cebuanos believed that since Magellan was dead, his "casi-casi" (brotherhood) agreement with the King was no longer valid.
D. The survivors had run out of cloth and caps to trade, making them no longer useful to the local economy.
B. The act was a retaliation for the foreigners' misconduct and lack of respect toward local women before the battle.
If the Encomienda system was officially described as "Spanish protect natives and teach them Christianity in exchange for tribute," but in reality became forced labor resembling slavery, what does this contradiction best illustrate?
A. The Spanish crown never knew about the abuses.
B. Colonial policies often have a gap between official intent and actual implementation by local encomenderos.
C. Filipinos preferred slavery over paying taxes voluntarily.
D. The system worked exactly as originally designed.
B. Colonial policies often have a gap between official intent and actual implementation by local encomenderos.
To 'Corroborate' the sentiment of 'betrayal' felt by Filipinos under American rule, which pair of events from the slides provides the strongest evidence when compared
A. The Galleon Trade and the Encomienda System.
B. The rejection of Lapu-Lapu and the Magellan expedition.
C. The persistence of Spanish friars and the retaliation at Balangiga.
D. The founding of Manila and the Spice Island routes.
C. The persistence of Spanish friars and the retaliation at Balangiga.
The Estrada administration approved the conversion of 500,000 hectares of forest land into a timber corridor as part of an "Economic Recovery" plan. What is a likely long-term ecological consequence of this specific "recovery" strategy?
A. Increased biodiversity through the introduction of diverse exotic tree species across Region XIII.
B. Enhanced protection of the five major watersheds, such as Lake Mainit, due to increased logging regulation.
C. Heightened ecological vulnerability and environmental destruction are caused by the practice of monocropping.
D. Improved soil quality in the Caraga region resulting from the systematic cutting of existing forest areas.
C. Heightened ecological vulnerability and environmental destruction are caused by the practice of monocropping.
Among the following statements pertaining to historical sources, which one is false?
A. Historical sources provide evidence of the past events and are divided into 3 categories: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary
B. Tertiary sources give “third-hand” information and provides a general overview or summary of a topic
C. Secondary sources often provide analysis and discussion on primary sources and serves to supplement data from primary sources
D. Primary sources convey first-hand experience of a particular event or time period and should be taken as the literal truth
D. Primary sources convey first-hand experience of a particular event or time period and should be taken as the literal truth
Statement 1: Magellan sent a message to Lapu-Lapu that if they acknowledge the King of Spain and Rajah Humanbon and give them tribute, they will become their allies. Lapu-Lapu rejected.
Statement 2: Magellan declared war on Lapu-Lapu and decided that they will attack at sunrise. Magellan accepted Rajah Humabon’s help for the war.
A. Statement 1 is True and Statement 2 is false
B. Both Statements are True
C. Both Statements are False
D. Statement 1 is False and Statement 2 is True
A. Statement 1 is True and Statement 2 is false
Which of the following best explains the role and significance of the Alcalde Mayor in the Spanish colonial provincial government?
A. The Alcalde Mayor served mainly as a local village leader responsible for organizing religious festivals and community traditions.
B. The Alcalde Mayor acted as the king’s provincial representative, overseeing governance, enforcing laws, and supervising tax collection.
C. The Alcalde Mayor was primarily an elected Filipino official who represented local interests against Spanish authorities.
D. The Alcalde Mayor functioned only as a judicial officer who handled criminal cases but had no administrative or fiscal duties.
B. The Alcalde Mayor acted as the king’s provincial representative, overseeing governance, enforcing laws, and supervising tax collection.
Statement 1: The Pact of Biak-na-Bato was a truce where Filipino revolutionaries received amnesty and money in exchange for exile to Hong Kong.
Statement 2: Pedro Paterno represented the Filipino revolutionaries while Emilio Aguinaldo represented the Spanish officials in the negotiations.
A. Only statement 1 is true
B. Only statement 2 is true
C. All statements are true
D. All statements are false
A. Only statement 1 is true
What was the main argument raised by petitioners Isagani Cruz and Cesar Europa when they asked the Supreme Court to declare the IPRA Law unconstitutional?
A. The IPRA Law gave Indigenous Peoples the right to form their own separate government
B. The IPRA Law violated the Regalian Doctrine, which states that all lands belong to the State
C. The IPRA Law forced non-Indigenous Filipinos to pay taxes to Indigenous communities
D. The IPRA Law abolished the Philippine Constitution
B. The IPRA Law violated the Regalian Doctrine, which states that all lands belong to the State
I. Primary sources may reflect personal bias or limited perspective. Thus, critical reading must be taken note of to avoid hindsight bias.
II. Secondary sources interpret events and may be influenced by the historian’s context. Examples of this include a written letter by a governor.
III. Using both primary and secondary sources allows an easier understanding of the context of the sources. This is called corroboration.
A. T–T–T
B. T–T–F
C. T–F–T
D. F–T–T
Answer: C (a memoir is not a secondary source)
After the death of Ferdinand Magellan during the Battle of Mactan, which surviving captain assumed command of the last remaining vessel, the Victoria, and successfully navigated the return voyage westward to Spain, completing the first circumnavigation of the globe?
A. Gaspar de Quesada
B. Juan del Cartagena
C. Juan Sebastian Elcano
D. Mendoza
C. Juan Sebastian Elcano
Who appointed the Governor-General and what was their job in the Philippines? (Pick the BEST ANSWER)
A. Appointed by the King of Spain to oversee and enforce Spanish colonial administration in the islands
B. Appointed by the Spanish Parliament to act as a local judge handling minor disputes
C. Appointed by the King of Spain to supervise all government offices and implement royal decrees while having some legislative power
D. Appointed by the Spanish Parliament to represent Filipino citizens in a democratic assembly
C. Appointed by the King of Spain to supervise all government offices and implement royal decrees while having some legislative power
In the context of the Philippine revolution against Spanish colonial rule, which individual, also known by the nom de guerre "Leon Kilat," led the uprising known as the Battle of Tres de Abril in Cebu as a Katipunan commander?
A. Emilio Aguinaldo
B. Valeriano Abanador
C. Pedro Paterno
D. Pantaleón Villegas
D. Pantaleón Villegas
Which of the following best explains the significance of the impeachment of Joseph Ejercito Estrada in 2000–2001?
A. It showed how the Philippine justice system was fully controlled by executive power, preventing any legal accountability.
B. It demonstrated a conflict between constitutional governance and issues of corruption and patron-client politics within the national leadership.
C. It resulted in the immediate strengthening of patron-client ties as the Senate decided to abandon the impeachment process entirely.
D. It had no political or social impact since it was limited only to a private legal proceeding in the Senate.
B. It demonstrated a conflict between constitutional governance and issues of corruption and patron-client politics within the national leadership.
Choose the best answer
Statement 1: In the words of Edward Hallett Carr, “History is a dialogue between the past and the future”.
Statement 2: To study history is to study change; it involves examining and interpreting human identities and the transformations of societies and civilizations over time.
Statement 3: “History is and should be an art. It is the art of understanding human societies and how they evolve over time.” - Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges
Statement 4: Textbooks, almanacs, fact books, indexes, and biographies are tertiary sources.
A. None of the below.
B. Three statements are not false
C. Two statements are not true
D. One statement is not false
D. One statement is not false
Statement 1: Ferdinand Magellan, a 38-year-old Portuguese explorer, was able to accomplish the first voyage around the world.
Statement 2: The fall of Constantinople and the rise of the Mongol Empire led to the closure of the Silk Road, prompting European explorers to discover new routes to access coveted spices.
Statement 3: The Portuguese were the first to discover a new route to the Spice Islands by going through a westward route.
Statement 4: The Battle of Mactan demonstrates that Cebuanos are united in their struggle against colonial oppression.
A. None of the below
B. One Statement is not true
C. Two Statements are not false
D. Three statements are not true
A. None of the below
Statement 1: The provinces are divided into several towns or pueblos headed by the Alcalde Mayor.
Statement 2: The Alcalde Mayor represented the Spanish king and the governor-general.
Statement 3: Special districts are unpacified regions known as corregimientos, each under a corregidor, usually an army officer.
Statement 4: The Royal Audencia is the highest-ranking official in the Philippines, having the power to appoint and dismiss public officials.
A. None of the below
B. All of the statements except two are not wrong
C. None of the statements except three are not correct
D. Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct
B. All of the statements except two are not wrong
Statement 1: The establishment of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente in 1902 demonstrates that Filipino nationalism, which had its roots in the process of secularization, found its expression in the creation of new religious institutions that broke away from the Spanish Orthodox Church.
Statement 2: The Battle of Tres de Abril embodies the struggle of the Cebuanos in the pursuit of freedom against colonialism through revolutionary traditions that incorporate collective action and bravery.
Statement 3: The 1907 suffrage bill filed by Filemon Sotto challenged traditional gender roles by promoting women’s participation in politics.
Statement 4: The 1901 Municipal Code primarily benefited the elite principalia who swore an oath of allegiance to the Americans.
A. One statement is not wrong.
B. Two statements are correct.
C. None of the statements except one are not correct.
D. All of the statements except one are not correct.
C. None of the statements except one are not correct.
Statement 1: President Estrada’s all-out war against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front illustrates the politico-religious conflict still present today, where the defense of the Islamic faith and its laws was inseparable from the struggle for political autonomy against national and secular impositions.
Statement 2: The signing of RA 8972 by President Estrada reflects the growing shift of how our society understands motherhood through the passage of the Solo Parent’s Welfare Act of 2000.
Statement 3: The blockage of the 1997 Charter Change (Cha-Cha) reflects how civic engagement done wrong influenced the actions of those sitting in high office for the better.
Statement 4: The Hello Garci scandal demonstrates how democracies today are not prone to vulnerabilities caused by partial bureaucracy and moral bankruptcy.
A. One statement is not false
B. Two statements are not true
C. Three Statements are true
D. All statements are either all false or all true
E. One statement is not false
E. One statement is not false