IMPRESSIONISM
This invention made it much easier for artists to take their paints outside.
Portable paint tubes
This movement developed from Impressionism but was not a single, unified style.
Post-Impressionism
Artists who deliberately challenged established artistic traditions were described by this term.
Avant-garde
This artist painted Les Demoiselles d'Avignon.
Pablo Picasso
For Henri Matisse and the Fauves, this element became a primary means of conveying meaning and expression rather than simply describing reality.
Color
This French phrase means painting outdoors, directly in front of the subject.
En plein air
This Post-Impressionist artist used intense color and distorted forms to communicate emotion.
Vincent van Gogh
Modern artists increasingly rejected the idea that art's main purpose was to perfectly imitate this.
Visible reality / the natural world
This artist co-founded the German Expressionist group Die Brücke (The Bridge) and painted works such as Street, Dresden.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
This movement is famous for intense, unnatural color—as in landscapes containing blue or red trees.
Fauvism
Rather than hiding their brushwork to create a perfectly smooth illusion, Impressionists often did this.
Use visible/loose brushwork
This artist took a more scientific approach to color and developed the technique associated with Pointillism.
Georges Seurat
This type of Cubism breaks objects into fragmented, overlapping planes and often uses a limited, muted color palette.
Analytical Cubism
This artist's The Tub uses unusual cropping and flatness to challenge traditional pictorial space.
Edgar Degas
Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon reflects his interest in ancient Iberian sculpture as well as artistic traditions from this continent.
Africa
Impressionist artists were particularly interested in capturing the changing effects of this natural phenomenon.
Light
The color theories of this 19th-century chemist strongly influenced Seurat.
Michel-Eugène Chevreul
In A Bar at the Folies-Bergère, Manet's sketchy application of paint emphasizes this modernist concern.
The surface/physical nature of the painting
This German Expressionist frequently painted animals because he viewed humanity as deeply flawed.
Franz Marc
Daumier's depictions of ordinary workers and contemporary social conditions connect him to this 19th-century movement.
Realism
Manet helped pave the way for Impressionism by rejecting traditional illusionism and emphasizing this physical quality of painting.
Flatness/the surface of the canvas
Instead of simply capturing a fleeting visual impression, Post-Impressionists increasingly used elements like color, structure, and distortion to communicate these.
Ideas, emotions, or underlying structure
Rather than attempting to perfectly imitate reality, Modernist artists increasingly began examining and challenging these established artistic conventions.
The traditional premises/rules of painting
These two artists co-founded the German Expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) in Munich.
Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc
This early-20th-century movement radically fractured objects and figures, rejecting a single, traditional viewpoint.
Cubism