Aquaculture Engineering
Engineering comes from the latin root “__________”.
Ingenerate - which means to create
It is both natural and manmade bodies of fresh, brackish, and saline waters, and includes, but is not limited to, aquifers, groundwater, springs, creeks, streams, rivers, ponds, lagoons, water reservoirs, lakes, bays, estuarine, coastal and marine waters.
Water Body
It is edible materials which are consumed by animals and contribute energy and/or nutrients to the animal diet.
Feeds
It is defined as any abnormality in structure or function displayed by living organisms through specific or n on-specific sign (symptom).
Disease
This means a capacity to maintain some entity, outcome or process over time.
Sustainability
The application of basic engineering principles and procedures to the design, construction, operation and management of an aquaculture system.
Aquaculture Engineering
It refers to the subsurface water that occurs beneath a water table in soils and rocks, or in geological formations.
Groundwater
It is mainly required for growth and it plays a vital role and other metabolic functions such as maintenance of life, reproduction, and tissue repair.
Proteins
Classification of Disease Agents
Physical Agents - Extreme temperature changes; Radiation (UV light) from the sun; environmental conditions
Chemical Agents - chemical substances such as pesticide or herbicides; toxins; nutritional imbalances
Biological Agents - they are often called as “infectious disease agent” such as Viruses; Bacteria; Protozoans; Fungi and Parasites
The amount of aquaculture that can physically fit into a body of water. Example limit the number of marine fish cage per hectare.
Physical Carrying Capacity
It is a water enclosure or a confined body of water where fish are raised or reared under a manageable controlled condition.
Aquaculture Pond
Characteristics of water, which define its use in term of physical, chemical, bacteriological, or radiological characteristics.
Water Quality
Two main groups of vitamins
Water Soluble Vitamins - B complex, C, Choline, Inositol
Fat Soluble Vitamins - A,D,E,K
Response and adaptation to stress takes place in three phases (adapted from Roberts 1978).
Alarm Stage - the fish attempts to escape from the problem
Adaptive Stage - the fish tries to adjust to the change and reach a new equilibrium, both physiologically and behaviorally, to survive the new environmental condition;
Exhaustive Stage - if the environmental change is so great that the fish cannot adapt to it and dies
Give the four main purpose of Record Keeping
Tracking of activities
Ensure compliance
Provide data to support Decision-making
Preserve History
Two factors to consider in evaluation and selection of site.
Ecological Factors - Water source, water quality, climate, hydrological and soil characteristics
Economic and Social Factors - Development Plans for the Project Area, Legal Documents and Land Regulations and Restrictions, Accessibility, Availability of Electricity and communication, Availability of resources (services and supplies) for operation, Availability of market and its demand, Availability of human resource
The three (3) properties of water.
Physical - depth, flow, velocity, flow rate, temperature, color, turbidity and transparency or visibility
Chemical - nutrient composition, pH and chemicals that affect the chemistry of water
Biological - consist of organisms and their life functions like bacteria, viruses and protozoa; or living organisms such as algae, vertebrates and invertebrates
Give the four main categories in which fish can be grouped into according to the type of food which they prefer under natural conditions.
Herbivores - subsist primarily on vegetation
Carnivores - consume primarily animal materials
Omnivores - consume almost any food source, either plant or animal origin
Detritivores - obtain nutrients by consuming detritus or organic waste
Also called Gas Bubble Disease
Gas Embolism - caused by oversaturation of water with gas (usually nitrogen gas N2)
True or False: Do not feed the fish 1-2 days before harvesting to ensure that gut contents are evacuated.
True
Formula of Base Width
Base Width = Crest + (SW x CH) + (SD x CH)
Desirable pH range for fish production.
6.5-9.0
What are the three forms of feeds by size?
Mash - aquaculture feed in meal form
Crumble - aquaculture feed in granular form
Pellets - aquaculture feed in agglomerated form produced by compacting and forcing the product through die openings by a mechanical process
Substances that stimulate the immune system by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components
Immunostimulants
Ice to fish ratio in Temperate climate
1:2