Road to the Civil War
What does secession mean?
When a state leaves the Union.
Which constitutional amendment officially ended slavery throughout the United States?
13th Amendment
What was the main goal of Reconstruction?
Reunite the Southern states with the Union and address the rights of formerly enslaved people.
Which amendment established citizenship for people born in the United States?
14th Amendment
What were Black Codes designed to do?
Restrict the freedoms and opportunities of newly freed African Americans.
What name did the Southern states give the new nation they attempted to form?
Confederate States of America
In which year did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
1863
What percentage of voters needed to pledge loyalty under Lincoln's Reconstruction plan?
10%
Which amendment prohibited denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude?
15th Amendment
What does segregation mean?
Separation of people by race in public places.
Which president's election in 1860 helped trigger Southern secession?
Abraham Lincoln
Which enslaved people did the Emancipation Proclamation declare free?
Enslaved people in states rebelling against the Union.
What percentage of voters needed to pledge loyalty under the Radical Republican (Wade-Davis) plan?
50%
What agency provided education, healthcare, and employment assistance to formerly enslaved people?
Freedmen's Bureau
Which organization used intimidation and violence to terrorize African Americans after the Civil War?
Ku Klux Klan
What was President Lincoln's main goal when the Civil War began?
To preserve the Union and keep the country together.
What did the Fugitive Slave Act require regarding people who escaped slavery?
The return of people who escaped slavery, including from free states.
Which Reconstruction plan offered the strongest support and rights to formerly enslaved people?
Radical Republican Plan
Why were literacy tests and poll taxes used in Southern elections?
To make it harder for African Americans to vote.
What economic system left many formerly enslaved people trapped in debt to landowners?
Sharecropping
Why did Southern secession lead to the Civil War?
Southern states attempted to form a separate nation, while the Union sought to preserve the country.
Why was the 13th Amendment still needed after the Emancipation Proclamation?
The proclamation applied to areas in rebellion, while the amendment abolished slavery nationwide.
How did Lincoln's approach to Reconstruction differ from the Radical Republicans' approach?
Lincoln favored a quick reunion with lenient requirements; Radical Republicans wanted stricter requirements and stronger protections.
How did grandfather clauses unfairly protect some voters from voting requirements?
They exempted people whose ancestors could vote before the Civil War, benefiting many white voters while excluding many Black voters.
A cartoon shows the KKK and White League threatening African Americans. What is the cartoon criticizing?
Violence and intimidation used to control African Americans and undermine their rights.