Laws
Stripped the president of the ability to fire his Cabinet members without the Senate's approval
Tenure of Office Act
Term for one businessman's method of placing partners on the boards of other companies in an effort to reduce the inefficiency of the free market economy
Morganization
Owner of Standard Oil who viewed competition as wasteful and chaotic
John D. Rockefeller
Things like vagrancy laws, taxes for occupations other than farmer/servant, proof of employment which reduced Freedmen to a form of pseudo-slavery
Black codes
Established legal precedent of "separate but equal" codifying segregation
Plessy v. Ferguson
Authorized the construction of a transcontinental railroad and instituted a monetary award for building the most tracks in the shortest amount of time
Pacific Railway Act
Development in steelmaking that made iron stronger by removing impurities through oxidation
Bessemer process
Only party "boss" to ever go on record about the inner workings of political machines
George Washington Plunkitt
How Lincoln viewed the status of ex-Confederate states
returning states
Nathan Bedford Forrest
Passed under Grant in response to KKK violence throughout the despite the 15th Amendment
Enforcement Act
Business method that aimed to own every step in the production method to cut costs while maintaining quality
Vertical integration
Responsible for the term "Gilded Age"
Mark Twain
Intellectual strain of thought that painted the Confederates as noble defenders of their distinctive way of life against a tyrannical federal government and Abe Lincoln
What cities were prior to mass urbanization vs. what they were after
Walking cities to segmented cities
First and only federal act banning immigration for a particular nationality
Chinese Exclusion Act
Economic depression which turned national attention away from Reconstruction efforts
Panic of 1873
Secretary of War fired by Andrew Johnson
Edwin Stanton
Claim that the West is responsible for developing the American intellect and individualism, and for spreading democracy
Frontier Thesis
Companies that competed for the congressional reward in the transcontinental railroad project
Central Pacific and Union Pacific
Guaranteed "equality before the law" for freedman; thought to be unconstitutional so its language was adopted into a new Amendment
Civil Rights Act
Competed against and beat out a government subsidized shipping company by building better ships, discovering better routes, and cutting fares for the consumer
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Union man in favor of the Chinese Exclusion Act
Samuel Gompers
Derogatory nickname given to wealthy individuals during the Gilded Age by those who later criticized capitalism
Robber Barons
Name the three Reconstruction Amendments and what they did
Thirteenth - abolished slavery
Fourteenth - defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law
Fifteenth - guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race