Documents/Acts
What was the purpose of the Civil Rights Act?
To make African Americans citizens.
Describe Abraham Lincoln's plan.
The 10% Plan: 10% of voters must swear loyalty to the Union, and each state must abolish slavery.
What are carpetbaggers and scalawags?
Carpetbaggers: Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction
Scalawags: Southerners who supported the Republicans
Reconstruction
The era of rebuilding in the South after the Civil War
Who were the two main Radical Republicans?
Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner
What years were the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments ratified?
1865, 1868, 1870
Describe the Wade-Davis Bill.
A majority of white men must swear loyalty to the Union and former Confederate volunteers cannot vote or hold office.
What was the Ku Klux Klan, and what was its goal?
The KKK was an organization of White Southerners dedicated to violence against freedmen who attempted to vote and anyone else who helped African-Americans to practice their rights as citizens.
Amnesty
A government pardon
Who was Ulysses S. Grant?
What are the two key phrases of the 14th Amendment?
“Equal Protection under the Law” and “Due Process”
Describe Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction plan.
A majority of white men must swear loyalty, and each state must ratify the 13th Amendment to be readmitted.
What were grandfather clauses?
Laws that made it so that anyone whose grandfather could vote was exempt from literacy tests or other forms of voter suppression. Made to disenfranchise freedmen.
Impeachment
To bring charges of wrongdoing against a public official.
Name three things the Freedmen's Bureau did.
Help the freedmen find jobs, education (HBCUs, public schools), food, and shelter.
What were the Black Codes? Name one example of a Black Code.
Black Codes made African-Americans second-class members of society.
Examples: You could not own a gun or serve on a jury. The only job you could accept was as a servant or a farm worker.
Rank the three plans in order of least to most strict. Explain why.
1. 10% Plan
2. Andrew Johnson's Plan
3. Wade-Davis Bill
Name and describe the Supreme Court decision that legalized segregation.
Plessy v. Ferguson: Homer Plessy, a mixed-race man intentionally sat in a whites-only railcar to challenge Louisiana's Separate Car Act of 1890. The Supreme Court ruled that the Act was not in violation of the 14th and 15th Amendments as long as the separate facilities were equal.
"40 Acres and a Mule"
The unfulfilled Radical Republican promise made to freedmen that they would get land and a mule to farm with.
Who were the first two Black Senators?
Hiram Revels and Blanche K. Bruce
What did the Military Reconstruction Act do?
Split the Southern states into military districts with Union generals in charge.
Which plan was put into place, and what was the most important effect of this plan?
President Johnson's plan was put into place. This plan allowed ex-Confederates to take over the new Southern state governments, and they put in place the Black Codes.
What was the Compromise of 1877? Describe what happened to Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden.
The Compromise gave the contested votes of the 1876 election to Rutherford B. Hayes. Samuel Tilden lost the vote.
Who was Jim Crow? Why was Jim Crow significant?
Jim Crow was a racist caricature of African Americans. Jim Crow became a symbol of segregation and segregationist laws were named after the character.
1. Plantation owners agree to loan out land and supplies to sharecroppers
2. Sharecroppers agree to give plantation owners a portion of their harvest
3. If the sharecropper cannot provide the full amount they owe the plantation owner, they get trapped in a cycle of poverty where they owe the plantation owner more and more