People
The main catalyst for the Protestant Reformation
Who is Martin Luther?
Martin Luther nailed 95 theses to the door of the Castle Church in this German city
What is Wittenburg?
The Protestant Reformation spanned many years (which are debated among scholars), but largely occurred during this century
What is the 16th century?
The invention of Gutenberg's printing press in 1440 set the stage for social change across Europe; Luther made full use of this technology to publish many works, the first of which was a pamphlet that discussed his opposition to the sale of these
What are indulgences?
John Calvin's facial hair is reminiscent of this beloved character, penned by transphobic author J.K. Rowling
Who is Albus Dumbledore?
This infamous English king commissioned a team of theologians to defend Catholic dogma from Luther's attacks
Who is Henry VIII?
Martin Luther left university for St. Augustine's Monastery in this German city, where he lived as a friar from 1505 to 1511
What is Erfurt?
The Protestant Reformation began on October 31st of this year
What is 1517?
Martin Luther suffered from many health conditions throughout his life including chronic constipation (fun!), insomnia, kidney stones, and this disease which causes ringing in the ears, dizziness, hearing loss, and vertigo
What is Ménière's Disease?
Luther developed a love-hate relationship with writings from this Greek philosopher who emphasized use of reason over faith in God
Who is Aristotle?
This theologian-- after whom several WI UCC churches are named-- led Reformation efforts in Zurich, Switzerland
Who is Huldrych Zwingli?
Martin Luther was born and died in this German city, now part of the Saxony-Anhalt region
What is Eisleben?
Luther presented his views to the public at an assembly in Heidelberg in April of this year
What is 1518?
A core pillar of the Protestant Reformation is the idea that we are "justified by grace through faith alone" coined from this Latin term which opposes the Roman Catholic belief that performing good works is necessary for salvation
What is sola fide?
Hans Luther, Martin's father, wanted Martin to train in this profession, sending him to Latin schools to further his education; he later compared his studies to "purgatory and hell"
What is law?
This French theologian was a pastor and reformer in Geneva during the Protestant Reformation; his influence can be traced to several Protestant denominations including Presbyterianism
Who is John Calvin?
J. Calvin was born in Noyon, a city in this French province that shares a name with a term from music theory: "a major tonic chord used to resolve the end of a musical piece or section that is written in a minor key"
What is Picardy?
Pope Leo X decided to complete the construction of the new St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, which was started under Pope Julius II in this year
What is 1506?
H. Zwingli rose to prominence when he attended a "Meal of ___________" during Lent, breaching the rules of fasting
What is Sausages?
This Roman Catholic doctrine regarding the substance of the Eucharist (Communion) was fiercely debated by Protestant Reformers around Europe
What is transubstantiation?
"As soon as the coin into the box rings, a soul from purgatory to heaven springs" is a phrase attributed to this Dominican friar, whose name rhymes with a popular German snack
Who is Johann Tetzel?
The Diet of ______ was an assembly called by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V in 1530 to restore religious and political unity and to rally support against the Ottoman Empire; this resulted in the Lutheran confession of faith (the _______ Confession)
What is Augsburg?
Pope Leo X demanded that Luther renounce all of his writings that stood in defiance of the Catholic Church, but Luther refused-- as a result he was excommunicated in January of this year
What is 1521?
In 1525, Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, a former nun whom he and his allies helped to escape from a convent, hidden inside empty barrels used to transport this oily fish
What is herring?
Symphony No. 5, often referred to as "The Reformation Symphony," was written by this German composer to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the Augsburg Confession
Who is Felix Mendelssohn?