Scientific and Industrial Revolutions (100-500)
This 18th-century movement emphasized reason, individualism, and questioning traditional authority.
Enlightenment
He led the indigenous and enslaved population of Haiti to independence from France in 1804.
Toussaint Louverture
European powers divided Africa among themselves at this 1884–1885 European conference.
Berlin Conference
Name the causes of WWII.
Treaty of Vesailles, Rise of Dictators, The Great Depression, League of Nations' Appeasement, Hitler invading Poland
Enslaved Africans in Saint-Domingue revolted against French colonists, successfully ending slavery and creating an independent nation.
Human Rights Violation
Desire for Power
Conflict
Adam Smith defended this economic system, driven by profit and free markets, in The Wealth of Nations.
Capitalism
Known as "The Liberator," this general led independence movements across Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador.
Simón Bolívar
During the 19th century, European nations divided almost the entire continent of Africa among themselves in what was called this
Scramble for Africa / Berlin Conference
What led to the end of WWII. And what organization was created to maintain world peace.
End of WWII: Allies' invasion of Germany, Hitler commits suicide, US atomic bombing of Japan.
United Nations
New technologies such as tanks, machine guns, and chemical weapons changed the way wars were fought, increasing both efficiency and destruction on the battlefield.
Technology
Innovation
Karl Marx wrote this 1848 pamphlet predicting a worker-led revolution against the bourgeoisie.
Communist Manifesto
This French military leader conquered most of Europe before his disastrous invasion of Russia in 1812.
Napoleon Bonaparte
Imperialism often caused resistance from colonized peoples, leading to revolts, nationalism, and eventually independence. Give one historical example from Africa or Asia.
Sepoy Rebellion (1857-1858) India
Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) China
What was the Cold War?
Peasants and urban workers rose up against heavy taxation and unfair treatment by the nobility, demanding more say in government.
Inequality
Desire for Power
Human Rights Violation
This country became the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution due to its abundant coal, iron, and waterways.
Great Britain
He led the Bolsheviks during the 1917 Russian Revolution and promised ‘Peace, Land, and Bread.
Vladimir Lenin
Name the 5 causes of WWI.
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism, Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand.
Name a Proxy War fought during the Cold War.
The Korean War, The Vietnam War, the Afghanistan War
Thinkers like John Locke and Montesquieu promoted ideas about natural rights, democracy, and the separation of powers, inspiring revolutions in France, Haiti, and Latin America.
Impact of Ideas and Beliefs
This French Enlightenment thinker strongly advocated for the separation of powers in government.
Montesquieu
This 1815 meeting of European leaders aimed to restore the balance of power after Napoleon's defeat.
Congress of Vienna
This 1919 treaty ended WWI and forced Germany to accept full blame and pay massive reparations. The __________ was created to maintain world peace and prevent another war.
Treaty of Versailles, The League of Nations
When and how does the Cold War end?
The Cold War ends in 1991 with the dissolution (breaking down) of the USSR.
The Irish Potato Famine was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1852.
Scarcity