The Atom & Periodic Table
This subatomic particle has a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu) and a positive charge.
What is a proton
This type of bond is formed when valence electrons are transferred from a metal to a nonmetal.
What is an ionic bond
This is the sum of the atomic masses of all atoms in a formula, expressed in grams per mole.
What is the gram-formula mass (molar mass)
For a chemical reaction to occur, particles must collide with sufficient energy and this specific requirement.
What is proper orientation
According to the Arrhenius theory, an acid is a substance that produces these ions as the only positive ions in solution.
What are hydrogen ions (H+) or hydronium ions (H3O+)
Elements in this group on the Periodic Table are stable and unreactive because they have a complete octet of valence electrons.
What are the Noble Gases (Group 18)
In this type of covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally between two different nonmetal atoms.
What is a polar covalent bond
In this type of chemical reaction, two or more substances combine to form a single, more complex product.
What is a synthesis reaction
This substance increases the rate of a chemical reaction by providing an alternate pathway with a lower activation energy.
What is a catalyst
This scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution; a change of one unit represents a tenfold change in H+ concentration.
What is the pH scale
An atom of an element that has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons is known as this.
What is an isotope
This specific intermolecular force is responsible for the unusually high boiling point of water
What is hydrogen bonding
This law states that the total mass of the reactants must equal the total mass of the products in a closed system.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass
At chemical equilibrium, these two things must be equal.
What are the rates of the forward and reverse reactions
In this laboratory process, a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.
What is a titration
This trend describes the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond; it generally increases as you move across a period.
What is electronegativity
When a chemical bond is formed, energy is always released, making the process this type of thermal reaction.
What is exothermic
This represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound, such as CH2 for C2H4.
What is an empirical formula
This term refers to the measure of randomness or disorder in a system.
What is entropy
These are the two products typically formed in a neutralization reaction between an Arrhenius acid and an Arrhenius base.
What are water and a salt
According to the Wave-Mechanical Model, electrons are located in these regions of most probable location.
What are orbitals
This type of substance has a high melting point and conducts electricity only when dissolved in water (aqueous) or in the liquid phase.
What is an ionic compound (or salt)
According to Avogadro’s hypothesis, equal volumes of different gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of these.
What are particles (or molecules/moles)
Given the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) <--> 2NH3(g) + heat, this is the direction the equilibrium will shift if the concentration of N2 is increased.
What is to the right (or toward the products)
This indicator turns pink in a basic solution and remains colorless in an acidic solution.
What is phenolphthalein