Relative words
Complete: A teacher is someone _____ helps people learn.
who / that
Add the missing commas: Alcúdia which is in Mallorca attracts many visitors.
Alcúdia, which is in Mallorca, attracts many visitors.
Remove the relative pronoun if possible:
The colleague who I share an office with is very friendly.
The colleague I share an office with is very friendly.
The person who I work _____ is very helpful.
with
Complete with which or whom: I have two brothers, both of _____ live abroad.
whom
Complete: This is the dictionary _____ includes audio recordings.
which / that
Defining or non-defining? The students who arrive early can choose their seats.
Defining — it identifies which students.
Can you omit that?
The film that I watched was brilliant.
Yes: The film I watched was brilliant.
Combine in neutral style: The job is demanding. She applied for it.
The job which/that she applied for is demanding.
We accept omission of the pronoun.
Complete with which or whom: She bought five books, three of _____ were second-hand.
which
Complete: I met a student _____ mother speaks six languages.
whose
Correct to make a non-defining relative clause: My friend that used to live in London speaks excellent English.
My friend, who used to live in London, speaks excellent English.
Can you omit who?
The woman who lives upstairs is a teacher. Explain why.
No. "Who" is the subject of lives.
Rewrite in formal style:
The course which I signed up for starts tomorrow.
The course for which I signed up starts tomorrow.
Neither website worked. Complete:
We tried two websites, _____ worked.
neither of which
Complete both gaps using relative adverbs:
This is the café _____ we met on the day _____ the course started.
where; when
You have only one sister. Combine: My sister lives in Paris. She is a nurse.
My sister, who lives in Paris, is a nurse.
My sister, who is a nurse, lives in Paris.
Which pronoun can be omitted?
A: The app which helps me revise is free. B: The app which I use to revise is free.
Only B.
In A, which is the subject; in B, it is the object.
Rewrite in formal style:
The colleague who I share an office with speaks Italian.
The colleague with whom I share an office speaks Italian.
Combine using most:
Twenty students joined the course. Most of them work full-time.
Twenty students joined the course, most of whom work full-time.
Combine using whose:
The woman runs a language school. I borrowed her laptop.
The woman whose laptop I borrowed runs a language school.
Explain the difference:
A: The employees who speak English earn more.
B: The employees, who speak English, earn more.
A: Only the employees who speak English earn more. B: All the employees being discussed speak English and earn more.
Can you omit which in either sentence? Give a reason for each.
A: My laptop, which I bought yesterday, is already broken.
B: The company for which I work is expanding.
Neither. A is non-defining. In B, the preposition comes immediately before the pronoun.
Correct both errors:
The project on that they spent six months working on was cancelled.
The project on which they spent six months working was cancelled.
The project which/that they spent six months working on was cancelled.
Combine using neither:
They interviewed two candidates. Neither candidate had the qualifications required.
They interviewed two candidates, neither of whom had the qualifications required.