Clinical Manifestations
A palpable abdominal mass is seen in which disease process?
What is Renal Cancer
what imaging modality uses xrays to create detailed images of the kidneys; uses contrast so we must check the patient's kidney function prior to the exam
what is a CT scan
this treatment option is commonly used in patients with end stage kidney disease or acute kidney failure when kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis
dialysis
when doing patient teaching for a patient who has a neobladder -- nurse must educate the patient to void when?
on a schedule not just by urge
what refers to a stone formation anywhere in the urinary tract?
what is urolithiasis?
What is Neurogenic Bladder?
what diagnostic test is done to evaluate unexplained kidney dysfunction, assess severity and progression of chronic kidney disease, evaluate kidney transplant rejection, and differentiate between medical and surgical renal diseases
renal biopsy
this treatment option restores kidney function but requires lifelong medications
kidney transplant, medications are used to prevent rejection
when providing stoma care, what is one assessment/intervention the nurse should do
1. assess color (should be pink/red; report pale, dark or black stoma)
2. keep peristomal skin clean and dry
3. ensure proper appliance fit to prevent leakage
what is the swelling and dilation of the kidney caused by urine backing up due to an obstruction in the urinary tract called?
what is hydronephrosis
in which disease process would you see flank pain radiating to the groin
what is nephrolithiasis?
this procedure requires a thin, lighted instrument be inserted through the urethra into the bladder to directly visualize the urethra, bladder and ureteral openings
cystoscopy
what is a diagnostic procedure in which a thin, lighted instrument is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to directly visualize the urethra, bladder, and ureter openings
cystoscopy
after a percutaneous nephrolithotomy, a patient may have a nephrostomy tube in place...what 2 assessments must the nurse do
1. check the patency of the tube
2. check the drainage -- color and amount
what type of urinary or kidney stone is most come
Calcium oxalate stones
you see spraying urinary stream in which disease process?
what is urethral stricture
this test utilizes a urine sample and examines it under a microscope to look for abnormal or cancerous cells
urine cytology
what is lithotripsy
a noninvasive treatment that uses sound waves from outside the body to break kidney stones into small pieces; these pieces are then passed through the urine
when a patient has an AV (arteriovenous) fistula, the nurse performs these 2 clinical assessments
1. listens for a bruit - whooshing sound heard with a stethoscope over the fistula (bell side)
2. feels for thrill - this is a vibration felt over the fistula site
what is one advantage and one disadvantage of having a continent reservoir vs an ileal conduit
advantages:
no external urine bag; better body image; more control over urination
disadvantage:
requires self-catheterization; risk of retention or infection if poorly managed
what are 3 clinical manifestations of bladder cancer
painless hematuria
dysuria/pain or burning with urination
frequency and urgency
pelvic pain
recurrent UTIs
retrograde urethrogram
name 3 treatment options for bladder cancer
1. transurethral resection of bladder tumor
2. intravesical therapy
3. radical cystectomy (removal of entire bladder)
4. chemo
5. radiation
6. immunotherapy
what are 3 post-op nursing interventions for a renal biopsy
1. monitor vital signs frequently (risk of bleeding)
2. keep patient on bed rest (up to 24 hrs)
3. place patient in supine position or on affected side to apply pressure
4. monitor urine for: hematuria
5. assess puncture site for bleeding and swelling
6. encourage fluids unless contraindicated
what are three complications of dialysis
1. hypotension
2. muscle cramps
3. infection
4. bleeding (d/t anticoagulation)
5. dialysis equilibrium syndrome