INTRODUCTION
Your research has a destination. These are the things you need to accomplish to get there.
Objectives
You copied an amazing sentence from a paper. Your teacher asks:
“Where did you get that?”
This is what should save you from answering: “Google po.”
Citation
Your group says: “We'll figure it out as we go.”
Your teacher says: “No. You will figure it out BEFORE you go.”
What part of the methodology should contain the plan?
Research Design
Your paper uses the word “bioavailability” 17 times. Your reader has no idea what that means.
Who comes to the rescue?
Definition of Terms
Original: “The experiment demonstrated a significant increase in plant growth.”
Student: “The experiment showed a significant increase in plant growth.”
Teacher: “THAT'S THE SAME SENTENCE.”
What were you supposed to do?
Paraphrasing
You changed something. Now you're waiting to see “Ano mangyayari?”
Dependent Variable
Your group says: “We will study ALL rice farmers in the Philippines.”
Your teacher: “With what time, money, and lifespan?”
What section should prevent this kind of ambition?
Scope and Limitations
You read 25 papers and suddenly realize:
“Wait… nobody has studied THIS.”
Congratulations. You may have found this.
Research Gap
The variable your group has control over.
Unlike your groupmates.
Independent Variable
You have a research idea, but your teacher asks: “Okay, but what exactly are you trying to find out?”
This section answers that question.
Statement of the Problem
Study A says fertilizer increases growth.
Study B says fertilizer increases growth only up to a certain concentration.
Study C says excessive fertilizer can actually reduce growth.
You explain how these findings relate to one another.
Synthesis
You don't change anything.
You don't manipulate anything.
You simply observe and document what is already happening.
Basically: researcher = 👁️👁️
Observational-Descriptive Research
The research equivalent of saying: “Okay, so here's what happened…” before explaining the actual problem.
Background of the Study
Copying another author's words or ideas without proper acknowledgment is called this.
Plagiarism
Your groupmate asks:
“What do we do after preparing the materials?”
You point at this.
⬇️ → ➡️ → ⬇️ → ➡️
Process Flowchart