Sampling
The average age calculated from a sample of 300 jail employees is this type of numerical summary.
What is a statistic?
The question “Are judges honest and efficient?” has this problem with survey construction.
What is a double-barreled question?
To establish causation, the proposed cause must occur before the effect, satisfying this requirement.
What is temporal ordering?
Using a coin flip to place participants into treatment or control groups illustrates this procedure.
What is random assignment?
Using records originally collected by a corrections agency to answer a new research question is this approach.
What is secondary data analysis?
Drawing 50 case numbers from a hat illustrates this sampling method.
What is simple random sampling?
Response categories with no overlap have this quality.
What is mutual exclusivity?
One researcher claims that fear causes victimization, but another claims that victimization actually increases fear. What principle of causality is this demonstrating?
What is reverse causation?
Random assignment, treatment and control groups, and measurements before and after treatment define this design.
What is a classic experimental design?
Determining whether a violence-prevention program caused fewer assaults is the goal of this evaluation.
What is an impact evaluation?
After a random start, selecting every twentieth name uses this sampling method.
What is systematic random sampling?
Surveying residents once provides a snapshot through this survey design.
What is a cross-sectional survey?
A researcher finds that neighborhood disadvantage influences both police presence and crime, making it this type of variable
What is a confounder?
Randomly assigned groups complete only a final assessment in this experimental design.
What is a post-test-only control group design?
Measuring whether participants reached a program’s literacy goals, without assessing causation, is this type of evaluation.
What is an outcome evaluation?
Randomly sampling detectives, patrol officers, and supervisors separately uses this method.
What is stratified random sampling?
Surveying new samples from the same city each year uses this survey design.
What is a trend survey?
A required application does not guarantee admission. Submitting it is this type of condition for admission. (Necessary/sufficient)
What is necessary but not sufficient?
Four randomly assigned groups help researchers assess whether a pre-test changes the treatment’s effect.
What is a Solomon four-group design?
Studying overdose patterns and service gaps before choosing an intervention illustrates this activity
What is a problem analysis?
Randomly selecting five prisons and surveying every employee in those prisons uses this method.
What is cluster sampling?
Repeatedly surveying the same crime victims over three years uses this survey design.
What is a panel survey?
A perfect score guarantees a training certificate, but lower passing scores also qualify. A perfect score is this type of condition (Necessary/sufficient)
What is sufficient but not necessary?
Comparing a school using a new safety program with a similar school, without random assignment, illustrates this design type.
What is a quasi-experimental design?
Checking whether mentors completed the required weekly meetings is this type of evaluation.
What is a process evaluation?