Respiratory
Air-filled cavities lined with mucous membrane and situated among facial bones
Amount of air that moves in and out of lungs with each breath
What is 500 mL?
Movement of O2 and CO2 across alveolar-capillary membrane
What is diffusion?
Produced by air passing through moisture in smaller airways
What is crackles?
Thick, tenacious and ropey
What is found in chronic bronchitis, emphysema?
Consists of nasopharynx, oropharnyx and laryngopharnx
What is pharynx
What is the thoracic cage?
Ability of lungs to distend in response to changes in volume and pressure of inhaled air
What is lung compliance?
Over mainstem bronchi, below clavicles, beside sternum
What are bronchovesicular breath sounds?
What is pulmonary edema?
Divides into right and left bronchus
What is main bronchi
Inward curvature and collapse of the spine
What is kyphosis?
Abnormality of gas exchange with either excess of CO2, deficit of O2 or both
What is respiratory failure?
Grating or scratchy sound
What is pleural friction rub?
Scanty sputum
What is asthma?
Serous membrane made of two layers
What is pleura
Decreased immune system, decreased cough reflex, osteoporosis, decreased total body of water, muscle atrophy and connective tissue changes
What are effects of aging on respiratory system?
Diverting of blood so that it doesn't take part in the gas exchange at the alveolar sites
What is shunting?
Heard in patients with bronchitis, pulmonary edema and resolving pneumonia
What is coarse crackles?
Blood tinged, bloody or blood streaked
What is tuberculosis, bronchogenic carcinoma or ulcerated pulmonary vessel?
Primary signals for respiration
What is carbon dioxide levels?
Controls both involuntary and voluntary respirations
What is the central nervous system?
Complex lipoprotein produced by cells lining the alveoli, lowering surface tension within the alveoli. Prevents collapse of the lung.
What is surfactant?
Croaking sounds heard without stethoscope; partial obstruction of upper air passages
What is stridor?
Yellow, yellow-green, or grayish-yellow, with foul odor or taste
What is pulmonary infection?