Macromolecules
What are the four macromolecules and their monomers?
Carbs --> monosacarrides
Lipids --> fatty acids
Proteins --> Animo acids
Nucleic Acids --> nucleotides
What is the MAIN difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes have no nucleus
Eukaryotes have a nucleus
What two gases are cycled between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
What type of cell division makes somatic cells?
mitosis
What type of macromolecule are DNA and RNA?
Which macromolecule provides short term energy?
carbohydrates
Cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ system --> organism
What two reactants go into photosynthesis?
(and sunlight)
If a person's DNA mutates and cells can't stop mitosis, what disease would they have?
What are the building blocks of DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
Which macromolecule is your genetic material?
Nucleic Acids
What are three differences between plant cells and animal cells?
plants have: cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole
animals have: lysosomes and centrioles
What are the two types of cellular respiration AND what is the difference between the two?
Anaerobic: no oxygen
When does crossing over happen during meiosis?
Prophase 1
WHAT process makes new DNA? WHEN does this happen?
DNA Replication
S Phase of Interphase
Enzymes are an example of what type of macromolecule?
Proteins
What type of environment are your cells in when you are dehydrated?
Hypertonic
what are the two types of anaerobic respiration?
lactic acid and alcohol fermentation
If a cell has 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will it have after meiosis?
12
What TWO processes are necessary to get from the DNA code to proteins? What molecule has to be made before proteins?
(you may summarize/make a diagram)
DNA ---------> RNA ---------> Proteins
transcription translation
Which macromoleculeS make up your cell membranes?
lipids and proteins
What things do ALL cells (both prokaryotes and eukaryotes) have?
DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes
What are the equations for photosynthesis AND cellular respiration?
Photo: CO2 + H2O --> C6H12O6 + O2
CR: C6H12O6 + O2 --> H2O + CO2
Sometimes a gamete's chromosomes won't disconnect during anaphase, causing offspring to have too many chromosomes. This type of mutation is called what?
Nondisjunction
What type of bonds holds together amino acids?
Peptide bonds