Passive
In the passive sentence "The glass was broken by Jimmy," this person is the one who actually broke the glass.
JIMMY
This short, two-letter word is almost always used to introduce the condition in a conditional sentence.
if
Fill in the blank to complete this causative sentence meaning permitted: "My boss let me _______ home early yesterday."
go
If a direct speech question is "Where do you live?", this is the missing word in its reported counterpart: "She asked me where I _______."
lived
To express 100% certainty that something was impossible in the past, you use this perfect modal phrase: "He _______ have stolen the money; he wasn't even in the country."
can't / couldn't
Every passive sentence needs a helping verb. In "The cake was eaten," this two-letter word is the helping verb.
was / also accept: be
This conditional type is used for general truths or scientific facts, like "If you heat ice, it melts."
zero
Complete this sentence using the correct form of the verb drive: "The constant dripping sound from the leaky faucet was driving me _______."
crazy / insane / mad
Unlike reporting a regular question, when turning a "yes/no" question into reported speech, you must introduce the clause using either the word whether or this common two-letter word.
if
Fix the grammar mistake in this clumsy deduction about the present: "Look at all that snow! It musts be freezing outside."
must be
This is the tense of the passive verb in the sentence, "The new stadium will be built next year."
future
This conditional type talks about a hypothetical past and what would have happened, like "If I had studied, I would have passed."
third
To show an ongoing, continuous action being performed on an object by someone else, fill in the missing word here: "I can't drive you today because I am having my car _______ repaired right now."
being
Correct the syntax error in this broken piece of reported speech: "He asked me what was I doing."
I was doing.
You missed your flight because you got stuck in traffic. This is the perfect modal of regret you would use to fill in the blank: "I _______ have left for the airport earlier."
might
Grammatically speaking, active sentences focus on the "doer" of the action, while passive sentences focus on this person or thing receiving the action.
object
In formal English, you can omit the word "if" by inverting the subject and the verb. Fill in the missing word for this Second Conditional inversion: "_______ I you, I would take the job immediately."
This is the grammatical term for the base form of the verb—the infinitive without the word "to"—used after causatives like make and have.
infinitive
When shifting direct speech to the past, the time expression "tomorrow" changes to "the next day", while this two-word phrase is what "yesterday" changes to.
the day before / the previous day
This is the missing modal verb needed to translate the highly uncertain Spanish phrase "Tal vez ella haya olvidado la cita" into the English perfect modal sentence: "She _______ have forgotten the appointment."
may / could
Fix the passive voice error in this sentence about a future event that was canceled: "The meeting was supposed to hold at noon today."
to be held
Just like the Second Conditional, the Third Conditional can drop the word "if" through inversion. Fill in the missing auxiliary verb here: "_______ I known about the traffic, I would have left earlier."
had
Rewrite this sentence using a passive causative structure with the verb have: "The rain canceled our outdoor wedding."
We had our wedding canceled by the rain?
When reporting formal demands or suggestions using verbs like insist or demand, British English often uses should, but American English uses this root verb form, as seen in: "She insisted that he _______ present at the meeting."
be
Both could have and might have show past possibility, but only this specific modal can be used to criticize someone for a missed obligation, as in: "You _______ have told me you were going to be late!"
could