Enlightenment & Ideas
This concept divides government power to prevent abuse.
What is separation of powers?
This type of government gives total power to a monarch.
What is absolutism?
This leader helped lead Haiti’s independence movement.
Who is Toussaint L’Ouverture? (Quadruple Points if you can tell me who took over after L'Ouverture's capture without looking it up???)
Revolutions in this time period often expanded this political system.
What is democracy?
This idea refers to loyalty and pride in one’s nation.
What is nationalism?
The idea that government gets its power from the people is called this.
What is popular sovereignty?
This idea claimed kings ruled with authority given by God.
What is the Divine Right of Kings?
Rising food prices and government debt are examples of this type of revolutionary cause.
What is an economic crisis?
Many revolutions excluded this group from political rights.
Who are women?
This meeting aimed to restore monarchies after Napoleon’s defeat.
What is the Congress of Vienna?
This idea says people agree to follow laws if government protects their rights.
What is the social contract?
This system limits monarch power with laws and a representative government.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
Revolutions were often fueled by anger over this lack in government.
What is representation?
Haiti gained independence in this year.
What is 1804?
Explain how the Scientific Revolution led to the Enlightenment.
New scientific thinking encouraged people to question traditional authority and apply reason to government and society
This Enlightenment thinker supported freedom of speech and religion.
Who is Voltaire?
This document limited the power of the English monarchy.
What is the English Bill of Rights?
Explain why revolutions spread across the Atlantic world.
News, trade, and shared Enlightenment ideas spread quickly. Success in one revolution inspired others to challenge authority.
“The Liberator” of South America.
Who is Simón Bolívar?
Explain why the Haitian Revolution is historically significant.
It became the only successful slave revolt and created the first Black republic. It proved enslaved people could overthrow colonial powers and end slavery, inspiring freedom movements and frightening slaveholding societies.
Compare Hobbes and Locke’s views of government.
Hobbes believed people were naturally selfish and needed a strong ruler to prevent chaos. Locke believed people were rational and had natural rights, and governments exist to protect those rights — meaning people can overthrow abusive governments.
Absolutism often led to this major complaint from citizens.
What are high taxes?
Explain why revolutions did not create equality for all.
Revolutionary leaders often focused on political power and property rights, leaving women, enslaved people, and the poor excluded.
Explain how the Age of Revolutions shaped the modern world.
It spread ideas of rights, citizenship, and national identity, influencing modern governments and protest movements worldwide.
Were revolutions revolutionary or reactionary? Explain
Revolutions were both. They introduced new ideas like rights and equality, but many also restored traditional power structures or created new authoritarian governments, showing mixed results